Table 2.

Bivariate analysis of clinical and perioperative factors associated with ability to measure opioid consumption, either through survey response or the combination of survey response and EHR data (measurement).

Characteristic	Value	N	Response %	Response p-value	Consumption measured %	Consumption p-value
Age, years	18 – 45	1,573	16.2%	<0.001	39.9%	<0.001
	46 – 60	2,089	21.7%		42.4%
	61 – 70	1,709	24.7%		45.3%
	71 – 95	1,182	17.9%		49.2%
Sex	Female	3,422	21.2%	0.146	44.9%	0.059
	Male	3,131	19.7%		42.5%
Race	White	4,774	22.6%	<0.001	44.4%	0.086
	Asian	170	18.8%		47.1%
	Black	727	12.4%		39.2%
	Hispanic	127	11.8%		45.7%
	Other	755	16.4%		42.9%
Length of stay	Outpatient	2,735	19.6%	0.002	46.8%	<0.001
	1 – 2 days	2,041	23.0%		43.4%
	3 – 15 days	1,777	19.0%		39.6%
Preoperative assessment	Observed	5,671	21.2%	<0.001	44.3%	0.018
	Missing	882	15.5%		40.0%
Tobacco use	Never used	3,111	21.6%	<0.001	44.6%	<0.001
	Within past month	522	13.6%		35.6%
	Within 1–12 months	171	19.9%		45.0%
	History	1,867	22.9%		46.2%
Opioid MMEs prescribed*	0	1,901	19.9%	0.452	100.0%	0.440
	1 – 99	2,001	21.1%		21.2%
	100 – 299	1,576	21.3%		21.3%
	300+	1,065	19.2%		19.4%
Alcohol use	Never	1,611	17.9%	<0.001	42.8%	0.198
	Occasionally	3,582	21.9%		44.7%
	Daily	478	27.6%		47.1%
Discharge day MMEs	0	4,196	20.3%	0.275	52.4%	<0.001
	1 – 10	1,832	21.5%		29.3%
	> 10	525	18.5%		25.7%
ASA class	1	526	17.9%	0.001	41.4%	0.330
	2	3220	22.5%		43.3%
	3	2288	18.6%		45.1%
	4–5	512	18.9%		42.8%

^*The consumption chi-squared test and p-value excludes the patients with no opioids prescribed, as they have 100% consumption measurement rate.