Table 2.
Quality assessment of the tools included in the study
| Measure | Elementsa | Score | Measurement properties | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | ||||
| HSOPSC_ver 1.0 | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | 34item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.70 0.81 | |
| NHSPSC | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | 43item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.70 ~ 0.90 | ||
| NHSPSC-China | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | 23item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.884 (0.737 ~ 0.866) | ||||||
| SAQ | v | v | v | v | 30item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.90 | |||||||||
| SAQ-SNF | v | v | v | v | 30item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.90 | |||||||||
| SAQ-AV | v | v | v | v | 62item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.886 (0.655 ~ 0.786) | |||||||||
| MSI | v | v | 43item, 5-point Likert scale | Reliability: 0.73 ~ 0.89 | |||||||||||
HSOPSC Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, NHSPSC Nursing Home Survey on Patient Safety Culture, SAQ Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, SAQ-SNF Safety Attitudes Questionnaire in a Skilled Nursing Facility (SNF), SAQ-AV Ambulatory Version of the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire, MSI Modified Stanford Patient Safety Culture Survey Instrument
aElement 1: Communication openness; Element 2: Feedback and communication about error; Element 3: Teamwork within units; Element 4: Non-punitive response to error; Element 5: Organizational learning; Element 6: Supervisor/manager expectations and actions promoting patient safety; Element 7: Staffing; Element 8: Teamwork across units; Element 9: Handoffs and transitions; Element 10: Management support for patient safety; Element 11: Frequency of events reported; Element 12: Overall perceptions of safety; V means the element has been met