Table 1.

Criteria used to define physical frailty in LASI, 2017–18

Exhaustion	During the past week, how often did you feel: (a) tired or low in energy; (b) that everything you did was an effort. Less than three days = 0; More than three days =1.
Grip strength	Average grip strength score in dominant hand (2 trials) using Smedley’s handheld dynamometer (adjusted for gender and body mass index (BMI))
	BMI	Cut-off for Grip strength
	For men
	BMI ≤ 24	≤ 29 kg
	BMI 24.1–26	≤ 30 kg
	BMI 26.1–28	≤ 30 kg
	BMI > 28	≤ 32 kg
	For women
	BMI ≤ 23	≤ 17 kg
	BMI 23.1–26	≤ 17.3 kg
	BMI 26.1–29	≤ 18 kg
	BMI > 29	≤ 21 kg
Walk time	In the LASI, respondents were asked to walk 4 m twice. The time taken to walk was recorded in seconds each time, and the average time taken in both trials was calculated. (Stratified by gender and height (gender-specific cut-off a medium height)
		Cut-off for Time to Walk 4-m
	Men
	Height ≤ 173 cm	≥ 7 seconds
	Height > 173 cm	≥ 6 seconds
	Women
	Height ≤ 159 cm	≥ 7 seconds
	Height > 159 cm	≥ 6 seconds
Weight loss	Do you think that you have lost weight in the last 12 months because there was not enough food at your household?” Yes = 1, No = 0.
Physical activity	How often do you take part in sports or vigorous activities, such as running or jogging, swimming, going to a health center or gym, cycling, or digging with a spade or shovel, heavy lifting, chopping, farm work, fast bicycling, cycling with loads? One to three times a month or hardly ever or never = 1, once a week or more than once a week = 0
Total score	5 Items: 0–2 deficits = non-frail, 3+ deficits = frail Allowed missing 1–2 items, missing imputed with 0 (sum of available items)