Table 2.
Socio-economic and demographic profile of the study population in India, 2017–18
| Background characteristics | Poor | Non-poor | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Percentage | Sample | Percentage | |
| Individual factors | ||||
| Age | ||||
| Young-old (60–69 years) | 7034 | 59.4 | 11,125 | 59.5 |
| Old-old (70–79 years) | 3525 | 29.8 | 5602 | 29.9 |
| Oldest-old (80+ years) | 1283 | 10.8 | 1982 | 10.6 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 5413 | 45.7 | 9076 | 48.5 |
| Female | 6429 | 54.3 | 9633 | 51.5 |
| Education | ||||
| No education/primary not completed | 9987 | 84.3 | 10,149 | 54.3 |
| Primary completed | 914 | 7.7 | 2653 | 14.2 |
| Secondary completed | 804 | 6.8 | 3654 | 19.5 |
| Higher and above | 137 | 1.2 | 2253 | 12.0 |
| Living arrangements | ||||
| Alone | 1156 | 9.8 | 423 | 2.3 |
| With spouse only | 2973 | 25.1 | 2844 | 15.2 |
| With children only | 6972 | 58.9 | 14,579 | 77.9 |
| Others | 741 | 6.3 | 862 | 4.6 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Currently married | 7039 | 59.4 | 11,956 | 63.9 |
| Widowed | 4523 | 38.2 | 6394 | 34.2 |
| Others | 280 | 2.4 | 360 | 1.9 |
| Working status | ||||
| Never worked | 2489 | 21.0 | 5799 | 31.0 |
| Currently working | 4429 | 37.4 | 4599 | 24.6 |
| Currently not working | 4667 | 39.4 | 6112 | 32.7 |
| Retired | 256 | 2.2 | 2198 | 11.7 |
| Social engagement | ||||
| No | 1417 | 12.0 | 1072 | 5.7 |
| Yes | 10,425 | 88.0 | 17,637 | 94.3 |
| Behavioral factors | ||||
| Tobacco consumption | ||||
| No | 6261 | 52.9 | 12,269 | 65.6 |
| Yes | 5581 | 47.1 | 6440 | 34.4 |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||
| No | 9882 | 83.5 | 16,273 | 87.0 |
| Yes | 1960 | 16.6 | 2436 | 13.0 |
| Health factors | ||||
| Body mass indexa | ||||
| Underweight | 4200 | 35.5 | 2785 | 14.9 |
| Normal | 5393 | 45.5 | 8919 | 47.7 |
| Overweight/obese | 1262 | 10.7 | 5313 | 28.4 |
| Self-rated health | ||||
| Good | 5498 | 46.4 | 10,424 | 55.7 |
| Poor | 6344 | 53.6 | 8285 | 44.3 |
| Difficulty in ADL | ||||
| No | 8853 | 74.8 | 14,809 | 79.2 |
| Yes | 2989 | 25.2 | 3900 | 20.9 |
| Difficulty in IADL | ||||
| No | 5599 | 47.3 | 10,616 | 56.8 |
| Yes | 6243 | 52.7 | 8093 | 43.3 |
| Morbidity status | ||||
| 0 | 6711 | 56.7 | 7241 | 38.7 |
| 1 | 3157 | 26.7 | 5885 | 31.5 |
| 2+ | 1974 | 16.7 | 5583 | 29.8 |
| Household factors | ||||
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu | 9899 | 83.6 | 15,328 | 81.9 |
| Muslim | 1292 | 10.9 | 1978 | 10.6 |
| Christian | 343 | 2.9 | 542 | 2.9 |
| Others | 308 | 2.6 | 861 | 4.6 |
| Caste | ||||
| Scheduled Caste | 2957 | 25.0 | 2600 | 13.9 |
| Scheduled Tribe | 1469 | 12.4 | 813 | 4.4 |
| Other Backward Class | 5175 | 43.7 | 8716 | 46.6 |
| Others | 2241 | 18.9 | 6580 | 35.2 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 10,566 | 89.2 | 10,370 | 55.4 |
| Urban | 1276 | 10.8 | 8339 | 44.6 |
| Region | ||||
| North | 896 | 7.6 | 3224 | 17.2 |
| Central | 3143 | 26.5 | 3020 | 16.1 |
| East | 3814 | 32.2 | 3109 | 16.6 |
| Northeast | 356 | 3.0 | 554 | 3.0 |
| West | 1597 | 13.5 | 3811 | 20.4 |
| South | 2037 | 17.2 | 4991 | 26.7 |
| Total | 11,842 | 100 | 18,709 | 100 |
asample was low due to missing cases