Table 5.
Decomposition estimates of physical frailty among older adults by their background characteristics in India, 2017–18
| Background characteristics | Elasticity | CCI | Absolute contribution | Percentage contribution | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual factors | |||||
| Age | |||||
| Young-old (60–69 years) | 0.3 | ||||
| Old-old (70–79 years) | 0.029 | −0.006 | 0.000 | 0.9 | |
| Oldest-old (80+ years) | 0.023 | 0.005 | 0.000 | −0.5 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | −0.5 | ||||
| Female | −0.010 | − 0.011 | 0.000 | − 0.5 | |
| Education | |||||
| No education/primary not completed | 18.1 | ||||
| Primary completed | 0.002 | 0.161 | 0.000 | −1.3 | |
| Secondary completed | −0.006 | 0.369 | − 0.002 | 11.0 | |
| Higher and above | −0.003 | 0.601 | −0.002 | 8.4 | |
| Living arrangements | |||||
| Alone | 9.8 | ||||
| With spouse only | −0.008 | −0.166 | 0.001 | −6.4 | |
| With children only | −0.035 | 0.098 | −0.003 | 16.0 | |
| Others | 0.001 | −0.091 | 0.000 | 0.2 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Currently married | 0.7 | ||||
| Widowed | 0.009 | −0.023 | 0.000 | 0.9 | |
| Others | −0.001 | −0.072 | 0.000 | −0.3 | |
| Working status | |||||
| Never worked | −19.0 | ||||
| Currently working | −0.037 | −0.165 | 0.006 | −28.5 | |
| Currently not working | 0.023 | −0.070 | −0.002 | 7.4 | |
| Retired | −0.001 | 0.458 | 0.000 | 2.1 | |
| Social engagement | |||||
| No | 4.8 | ||||
| Yes | −0.040 | 0.026 | −0.001 | 4.8 | |
| Behavioral factors | |||||
| Tobacco consumption | |||||
| No | −5.2 | ||||
| Yes | −0.009 | −0.130 | 0.001 | −5.2 | |
| Alcohol consumption | |||||
| No | 0.0 | ||||
| Yes | 0.000 | −0.081 | 0.000 | 0.0 | |
| Health factors | |||||
| Body mass index | |||||
| Underweight | 45.2 | ||||
| Normal | −0.030 | −0.008 | 0.000 | −1.1 | |
| Overweight/obese | −0.021 | 0.334 | −0.007 | 46.3 | |
| Self-rated health | |||||
| Good | 10.3 | ||||
| Poor | 0.036 | −0.062 | −0.002 | 10.3 | |
| Difficulty in ADL | |||||
| No | 5.3 | ||||
| Yes | 0.023 | −0.051 | −0.001 | 5.3 | |
| Difficulty in IADL | |||||
| No | 5.7 | ||||
| Yes | 0.023 | −0.052 | −0.001 | 5.7 | |
| Morbidity status | |||||
| 0 | −10.5 | ||||
| 1 | 0.005 | 0.039 | 0.000 | −0.8 | |
| 2+ | 0.010 | 0.209 | 0.002 | −9.7 | |
| Household factors | |||||
| Wealth Index | |||||
| Poorest | 28.4 | ||||
| Poorer | −0.003 | −0.307 | 0.001 | −4.7 | |
| Middle | −0.003 | 0.058 | 0.000 | 0.9 | |
| Richer | −0.004 | 0.415 | −0.002 | 8.3 | |
| Richest | −0.007 | 0.770 | −0.005 | 23.9 | |
| Religion | |||||
| Hindu | 0.5 | ||||
| Muslim | 0.003 | 0.012 | 0.000 | −0.2 | |
| Christian | 0.000 | 0.010 | 0.000 | 0.0 | |
| Others | −0.001 | 0.212 | 0.000 | 0.7 | |
| Caste | |||||
| Scheduled Caste | 2.6 | ||||
| Scheduled Tribe | 0.000 | −0.351 | 0.000 | −0.7 | |
| Other Backward Class | −0.005 | 0.019 | 0.000 | 0.4 | |
| Others | −0.003 | 0.213 | −0.001 | 2.9 | |
| Place of residence | |||||
| Rural | −10.9 | ||||
| Urban | 0.005 | 0.452 | 0.002 | −10.9 | |
| Region | |||||
| North | 14.4 | ||||
| Central | 0.008 | −0.187 | −0.002 | 7.1 | |
| East | 0.010 | −0.215 | − 0.002 | 10.4 | |
| Northeast | −0.001 | −0.013 | 0.000 | 0.0 | |
| West | −0.004 | 0.097 | 0.000 | 2.0 | |
| South | 0.006 | 0.175 | 0.001 | −5.0 | |
| Calculated CCI | −0.022 | 100.0 | |||
| Actual CCI | −0.058 | ||||
| Residual | −0.036 | ||||
CCI Concentration index