Table 2.
Dietary intakes of study participants across tertiles of dTACa
| Tertiles of dTAC | P valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 (N = 971) |
T2 (N = 1008) |
T3 (N = 1008) |
||
| Nutrients | ||||
| Energy intake (kcal/d) | 1842.0 ± 22.6 | 2426.0 ± 22.1 | 2859.9 ± 22.2 | < 0.001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d) | 280.4 ± 1.64 | 294.4 ± 1.48 | 306.8 ± 1.59 | < 0.001 |
| Protein g/d) | 91.2 ± 0.47 | 88.3 ± 0.42 | 85.4 ± 0.46 | < 0.001 |
| Fat (g/d) | 102.0 ± 0.64 | 98.2 ± 0.57 | 95.7 ± 0.62 | < 0.001 |
| Fiber (g/d) | 20.1 ± 0.19 | 22.3 ± 0.17 | 25.3 ± 0.18 | < 0.001 |
| SFA (g/d) | 18.8 ± 7.61 | 23.8 ± 9.00 | 26.9 ± 8.92 | 0.01 |
| Vitamin A (RAE/d) | 480.3 ± 7.00 | 517.3 ± 6.29 | 559.6 ± 6.77 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin C (mg/day) | 74.5 ± 1.66 | 99.3 ± 1.50 | 130.3 ± 1.61 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin D (μg/d) | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.96 ± 0.02 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 0.70 |
| Vitamin E (mg/d) | 22.7 ± 0.20 | 21.1 ± 0.18 | 20.6 ± 0.20 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B1 (mg/d) | 1.86 ± 0.02 | 1.89 ± 0.02 | 1.79 ± 0.02 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B6 (mg/d) | 1.94 ± 0.01 | 1.97 ± 0.01 | 2.03 ± 0.01 | < 0.001 |
| Folate (μg/day) | 286.0 ± 2.50 | 317.1 ± 2.25 | 358.1 ± 2.42 | < 0.001 |
| Vitamin B12 (μg/day) | 3.04 ± 0.04 | 2.97 ± 0.03 | 2.87 ± 0.03 | 0.01 |
| Calcium (mg/day) | 965.7 ± 14.7 | 1012.2 ± 13.2 | 962.5 ± 14.2 | 0.01 |
| Fe (mg/day) | 18.0 ± 0.11 | 17.8 ± 0.10 | 17.1 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 |
| Zinc (mg/day) | 11.3 ± 0.06 | 11.1 ± 0.05 | 10.9 ± 0.06 | < 0.001 |
| Food groups | ||||
| Fruits (g/d) | 177.3 ± 7.07 | 301.9 ± 6.35 | 469.0 ± 6.84 | < 0.001 |
| Vegetables (g/d) | 219.7 ± 4.07 | 237.5 ± 3.65 | 259.9 ± 3.93 | < 0.001 |
| White meat (g/d) | 69.4 ± 1.51 | 62.6 ± 1.36 | 58.9 ± 1.46 | < 0.001 |
| Red and processed meat (g/d) | 92.6 ± 1.55 | 82.7 ± 1.39 | 78.08 ± 1.49 | < 0.001 |
| Nuts, legumes and soy (g/d) | 59.1 ± 1.26 | 56.0 ± 1.13 | 56.6 ± 1.22 | 0.18 |
| Refined grains (g/d) | 438.9 ± 5.60 | 403.2 ± 5.03 | 338.2 ± 5.41 | < 0.001 |
| Whole grains (g/d) | 34.1 ± 2.62 | 42.2 ± 2.36 | 51.1 ± 2.54 | < 0.001 |
| Dairy intake (g/d) | 331.6 ± 9.10 | 356.6 ± 8.20 | 357.5 ± 8.80 | 0.09 |
| Tea and coffee (g/d) | 158.0 ± 8.08 | 355.7 ± 7.26 | 625.3 ± 7.82 | < 0.001 |
| Pickles (g/d) | 7.10 ± 0.61 | 8.90 ± 0.55 | 10.84 ± 0.59 | < 0.001 |
aData are means ± standard error (SE), unless indicated
bAll values were adjusted for age, sex and energy, except for dietary energy intake, which was only adjusted for age and sex using ANCOVA