Table 1.

The main genes identified for the prediction of susceptibility and outcome in ARDS according to the pathophysiologic mechanism

Mechanism of ARDS	Gene
Vascular permeability [60, 61, 64–74, 99–101]	MAP3K1, FLT1, ANGPT2, AGT, EPAS1, HSPG2, KLK2, MAP3K1, MAP3K6, MYLK, NAMPT, SELPLG, S1PR3, VEGFA
Immune response [57, 75–88]]	IL17, DEFB1, FER, AGER, sRAGE, CHIT1, FKB1, IL1B, IL1RN, IL4, IL6, IL10, IL13, IL17, IL18, IL32, IRAK3, LTA, MBL2, MIF, NFKBIA, PDE48, PI3, SELPLG, SFTPA1, SFTPA2, SFTPD, STAT1, TIRAP, TLR1, TNF, TNFRSF11A, TRAF6
Oxidative stress [89–93]	EGLN1, FTL, HIF, HIF2a, HMOX1, HMOX2, NFE2L2, NQO1, SOD3
Epithelial injury [58]	SP-A, SP-B
Apoptosis	FAS
Chemotaxis	CXCL2, CXCR2, DARC, ISG15
Fibrosis [94]	HAS1, MUC5B, SERPINE1
Cell growth [95–97]	AQP5, ADGRV1, BCL11A, EGF, FZD2, GHR, POPDC3, TGFB2
Coagulation [98]	F5, GP5, LRRC16A, PLAU, VWF
Metabolism [45]	ADA, ADIPOQ, AHR, APOA1, CBS, CYP1A1, DIO2, FAAH, PPARGC1A, PRKAG2, UGT2B7, VLDLR
Other mechanisms [45]	ABCC1, ADRBK2, CLASRP, GADD45A, GRM3, HTR2A

ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ADMR2 adrenomeddulin-2, AGER advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor, ANGPT2 angiopoietin-2, AQP1 acquaporin-1, ARL3 ADP ribosylation factor like GTPase, ARSD arylsulfatase-D, BTG1 antiproliferation factor-1, CCL2 chemokines ligand-2, CD cluster differentiation, CEBPA CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha, CLEC4E C-type lectin like domain 4e, COX cyclooxygenase, CREBPZ pancreatic beta cell-specific gene, CXCR chemokine receptor, DEFB1 defensin beta-1, DIO1 iodothyronine deiodinase-1, EGF epidermal growth factor, EGLN prolyl hydroxylase encoding gene, F3 tissue factor precursor, FAAH fatty acid amide hydrolase, FAS Fas cell surface death receptor, FER FER tyrosine kinase, FGA fibrinogen A, FTH ferritin heavy chain, FTL ferritin light chain, GADD45A growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible-45, GJA gap junction alpha, HCAR constitutive androstane receptor, HMOX heme oxygenase-1, IL interleukin, IRAK interleukin-1 receptor associated kinases, ITGB1 integrin beta-1, KXR X-linked Kx, LCN2 lipocain-2, LRRC leucine-rich repeat containing, LTA lymphotoxin alpha, MAP mitogen-activated protein kinase-3, MBL mannose-binding lectin, MIF macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MME membrane metalloendopeptidase, MUC5B mucin5B, MYLK myosin light chain kinase, NAMPT nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase, NFKB nuclear factor kappa-B, NPEPL aminopeptidase-like, NQO1 NADPH dehydrogenase (quinone), NRF2 nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2, OLFM olfactomedin-1, PI3 peptidase inhibitor-3, PLAUR urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, PNPLA patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein-3, POPDC3 Popeye domain-containing protein-3, PPFIA protein tyrosine phosphatase, RBP7 retinol binding protein-7, SERPINE serine protease inhibitor-1, SFTPB surfactant protein-B, SOC suppressor of cytokine signaling, SOD3 superoxide dismutase, TEK tyrosine kinase receptor, TFF trefoil factor family, THBS1 thrombospondin-1, TIRAP TIR domain-containing adaptor protein, TLR toll-like receptor, TNF tumor necrosis factor, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor