Table 2.

Clinical significance of miRNA up-/downregulation in humans with ARDS

References	Micro-RNA	Model	Effect	Clinical significance
Lee et al. [123]	miR-106a-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-29a-3	All-cause ARDS	Upregulated	Prediction of mortality
	miR-126-3p, miR-191-5p, miR-223-3p		Downregulated
Wang et al. [116]	miR-103, miR-107	Sepsis-associated ARDS	Downregulated	Increased risk of ARDS and 28-day mortality
Xu et al. [117]	miR-92	Sepsis-associated ARDS	Upregulated	Risk of ARDS
Wang et al. [120]	miR155	Sepsis-associated ARDS	Upregulated	Association with inflammatory lung injury
Wu et al. [121]	miR-27a, miR-126, miR-146a, miR-155	Pneumonia-associated ALI	Upregulated	Risk of ARDS
Rahmel et al. [124]	miR-122	All-cause ARDS	Upregulated	Association with acute liver injury and ARDS
Li et al. [125]	miR-140	ALI except sepsis	Downregulated	Association with ALI and inflammation
Zhu et al. [126]	miR-181a, miR-92a	All-cause ARDS	Upregulated	Risk of ARDS
	miR-424		Downregulated
Goodwin et al. [122]	miR-887-3p	Sepsis-associated ARDS	Upregulated	Risk of ARDS
Lu et al. [127]	miR-22-3p, 1260b, 762, 23b, 23a	AP-associated ARDS	Upregulation	Risk of pancreatitis and ARDS
	has-miR-550a, 324-5p, 484, 331-3p, 22-3p, 140-3p, 342-3p		Downregulated
Shi et al. [118]	miR-127	AP-associated ALI	Upregulated	Association with acute pancreatitis and ARDS
	miR-199a	Sepsis-associated ARDS	Downregulated	Risk of ARDS
Zhu et al. [119]	miR-628-3p, miR-766, miR-922, miR-7, miR-194	All-cause ARDS	Upregulated	Increased 28-day mortality

miR micro-RNA, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, AP acute pancreatitis