Table 2.

Summarized oral manifestations of lymphomas reported in previous literatures

Author-year, country	Diagnosis of lymphoma	Oral mucosal manifestations
Campeanu AT, et al.-2022, Romania [55]	Plasmablastic lymphoma	A large mass with ulcerated surface located on the left mandible region
Hafian H, et al.-2021, Japan [57]	Oral mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma	An invisible irregular submucosal nodular lesion in the right buccal
Lyu X, Guan X-2021, China [56]	Extranodal natural killer T-cell lymphoma (nasal type)	Hard palate ulceration with irregular border between top two front teeth
Coskunses FM, et al.-2020, Turkey [45]	Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas	Gingival erythema and buccal swelling with no ulceration or suppuration. Regular shaped mass of buccal mucosa
Yu W, Park C, Shimel B-2020, United States of America [58]	Double-hit B-cell lymphoma	A large soft mass with purplish-red and grossly surface, intact without obvious ulceration, expansile lesion of the left maxillary alveolus
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39]	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	Swelling of posterior alveolar ridge of the left maxilla, covered by ulcerated mucosa
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39]	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	An ulcerated mass located at the floor of the mouth
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39]	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	A mass with irregular surface on the posterior alveolar ridge of the right mandible
de Andrade BAB, et al.-2020, Brazil [39]	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma	An ulcerated red mass with irregular surface on the hard palate
Kamat M, et al.-2019, India [59]	Burkitt's lymphoma	A sessile exophytic mass covered by slough at left posterior mandible region
Batta N, et al.-2019, India [47]	Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas	Grayish-brown ulcerative growth on the buccal mucosa and palpable lymph nodes in the right neck
Marcucci M, et al.-2017, Brazil [60]	Mantle cell lymphoma	A tumor mass on the left side of the floor of the mouth
Booken N, et al.-2013, Germany [46]	Lymphomatoid papulosis, type A	Ulcerated nodules on the oral mucosa
Kämmerer PW, et al.-2013, Germany [48]	Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Ulcerating lesion of the left retromolar region of the mandible
Frei M, et al.-2012, Switzerland [61]	Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas	Diffuse swelling of the buccal mucosa and palate
Patil K, Mahima VG, Srikanth HS-2010, India [64]	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Multinodular swelling on the buccal gingiva
Mignogna MD, et al.-2009, Italy [63]	Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas	Diffuse micropapillary lesions on the hard palate and inner upper lips, “cerebriform” aspect of the right cheek
Niscola P, et al.-2009, Italy [49]	Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma	Ulcerative lesion on the lip
Wain EM, et al.-2003, United Kingdom [50]	Mycosis fungoides	Asymptomatic thickened spongy lesion with ulceration on the soft palate, hyperplasia with ulceration on the lateral border of the tongue and thickening of the lip
Hata T, et al.-1998, Japan [51]	Mycosis fungoides	Erythematous, ulcerated, necrotic mass with irregular margins and covered by white patches on the gingiva and the buccal mucosa
Vicente A, et al.-1991, Spain [52]	Mycosis fungoides	Erythematous, nonulcerated plaque on the hard palate, and erythema, induration, together with ulceration of the gingiva
Vicente A, et al.-1991, Spain [52]	Mycosis fungoides	Indurated and ulcerated plaque, covered by a grayish-white pseudomembrane on the hard palate
Zanakis SN, et al.-1992, Greece [62]	Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma	Firm swelling of the whole cheek
Chuong R, et al.-1984, United States of America [53]	Diffuse, mixed lymphocytic, and histiocytic lymphoma	Ulcer with white pseudomembrane involving the posterior portion of the right maxilla and left soft palate
Yokobayashi Y, et al.-1981, Japan [54]	Malignant mesenchymal tumor (possibly malignant lymphoma of reticulum cell type)	Ulcer with an indurated margin of the buccal mucosa, gingiva, maxillary tuberosity and soft and hard palate