Table 3.
Factors Associated with AEs, Doctor Negligence, and Bleeding and/or Bruising (N=37,490 acupuncture treatments)
| Variables | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Robust SE | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Robust SE | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AEs | ||||||
| KMDs | ||||||
| Years in practice | ||||||
| < 5 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ 5 years | 1.42 (0.94-2.14) | 0.209 | 0.095 | 1.35 (0.86-2.12) | 0.229 | 0.189 |
| Type of practice | ||||||
| Hospital | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Private clinic | 1.54 (0.84-2.84) | 0.312 | 0.165 | 1.51 (0.83-2.77) | 0.308 | 0.178 |
| Community health centre | 1.22 (0.65-2.30) | 0.323 | 0.534 | 1.37 (0.73-2.59) | 0.325 | 0.330 |
| Patients | ||||||
| Agea | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.001 | 0.297 | 1.00 (1.00-1.00) | 0.001 | 0.219 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 1.09 (1.02-1.16) | 0.032 | 0.009 | 1.09 (1.03-1.16) | 0.031 | 0.005 |
| Incidents | ||||||
| Years in practice | ||||||
| < 5 years | 1.98 (0.90-4.35) | 0.402 | 0.089 | |||
| ≥ 5 years | 1.00 | |||||
| Bleeding and/or bruising | ||||||
| Ageb | ||||||
| < 40 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥ 40 years | 1.15 (1.02-1.22) | 0.068 | 0.044 | 1.13 (0.98-1.29) | 0.070 | 0.084 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Female | 1.12 (1.02-1.22) | 0.044 | 0.013 | 1.12 (1.02-1.22) | 0.045 | 0.014 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 1.27 (1.07-1.50) | 0.087 | 0.068 | 1.26 (1.06-1.50) | 0.088 | 0.009 |
Abbreviations: OR Odds ratio; CI Confidence interval, SE Standard error, AE Adverse event, KMD Korean Medicine Doctor
aAs age was modeled as a continuous variable in testing association with AEs; OR of age meant change by one year increase
bAge was coded as a dichotomous variable since oral anticoagulant is an age-dependent treatment