Table 4.
Change in Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Cognitive Function Over 12 Weeks of Treatment
| Measure | PCOS (n = 33) | Control (n = 40) | t | p | d | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||||
| HADS | 2.94** | 5.85 | 0.68 | 5.26 | 1.74 | 0.09 | 0.41 |
| HADS-A | 1.15* | 2.67 | 0.23 | 3.06 | 1.36 | 0.18 | 0.32 |
| HADS-D | 1.82** | 3.74 | 0.45 | 2.91 | 1.76 | 0.09 | 0.41 |
| CVC trial 1 | 1.33*** | 2.06 | 1.30 | 2.07 | 0.07 | 0.95 | 0.02 |
| CVC trial 5 | 1.97*** | 3.12 | 1.97 | 3.12 | 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.04 |
| CVC total learning (trial 1–5) | 11.30*** | 8.80 | 9.43 | 8.79 | 0.91 | 0.37 | 0.21 |
| CVC delayed recall | 2.30*** | 2.64 | 2.35 | 2.77 | −0.07 | 0.94 | −0.02 |
| CVC recognition list A (n=32) | 0.16 | 1.59 | −0.18 | 1.24 | 1.00 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
| CVC recognition total score (n=14) | 1.00 | 3.16 | 1.00 | 2.72 | 0.00 | 1.00 | 0.00 |
| CVC recognition reaction time (ms) (n=14) | 1219.35 | 8304.72 | 2356.33 | 5805.43 | −0.55 | 0.59 | −0.17 |
| GMLT trial 1 (n=32) | 1.09 | 3.76 | 1.00 | 3.95 | 0.10 | 0.92 | 0.02 |
| GMLT trial 5 | 0.09 | 3.19 | −0.15 | 3.09 | 0.33 | 0.75 | 0.08 |
| GMLT total learning (trial 1–5) | 4.00* | 10.30 | 0.20 | 13.39 | 1.34 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
| GMLT delayed recall | −0.06 | 4.26 | −0.45 | 3.01 | 0.46 | 0.65 | 0.11 |
| TCT correct moves | 1.49 | 7.67 | −3.83 | 9.84 | 2.53* | 0.01 | 0.59 |
| TCT no. errors | 0.21 | 1.39 | −0.73 | 2.75 | 1.88 | 0.07 | 0.42 |
| TCT moves per second | 0.05 | 0.25 | −0.13 | −0.32 | 2.52* | 0.01 | 0.59 |
| TMT Part A time (sec) | 3.41** | 5.62 | 2.95 | 5.70 | 0.35 | 0.73 | 0.08 |
| TMT Part B time (sec) | 4.82 | 19.49 | 4.70 | 16.03 | 0.03 | 0.98 | 0.01 |
| COWAT total words | 1.33 | 6.65 | 2.03 | 8.62 | −0.38 | 0.71 | −0.09 |
| Digit Forwards | −0.12 | 2.10 | −0.18 | 1.63 | 0.12 | 0.90 | 0.03 |
| Digit Backwards | 0.58 | 2.24 | 0.55 | 2.02 | 0.05 | 0.95 | 0.01 |
| Digit Span total | 0.45 | 2.50 | 0.38 | 2.40 | 0.14 | 0.89 | 0.03 |
Notes: *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. Significant results in the PCOS column denote significant within-group improvement (related sample t-test). Significant results in the t column denote significant between-group differences (independent samples t-test).
Abbreviations: COWAT, Controlled Oral Word Association Test; CVC, Consonant Vowel Consonant Test; GMLT, Groton Maze Learning Test; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Anxiety subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression subscale; PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome; TCT, Timed Chase Test; TMT, Trail Making Test.