Skip to main content
. 2022 Sep 22;7(18):e161783. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.161783

Figure 7. ER stress and CPT2 inhibition engage an auto-amplification loop leading to lipotoxicity.

Figure 7

(A) Representative photomicrograph of phase contrast and Oil Red O staining of HK2 cells incubated either with DMSO or with 2.5 μg/mL Tun, 0.25 μM Tg, or 5 μg/mL BFA for 24 hours (3–4 replicates per condition). Original magnification, ×10. (B) Distribution of various medium chain FA and LCFA standardized levels measured by mass spectrometry in HK2 cells incubated with 2.5 μg/mL Tun for 24 hours (3 replicates). (C) Relative expression of HSPA5, EDEM, GADD34, spliced XBP1 (sXBP1), and GRP94 measured by RT-qPCR in HK2 cells incubated with 500 μM of stearic acid for 24 hours (3 replicates per condition). Bars represent mean ± SD. P values were calculated with Student’s t test. Vh, vehicle. (D) Immunoblot representing HSPA5 and tubulin protein expression in HK2 cells incubated with 500 mM of stearic acid for 24 hours (3 replicates per condition). (E) Representative photomicrograph of Oil Red O staining of HK2 cells transfected with siCPT2 or with siCTRL for 48 hours. Original magnification, ×10. (F) Relative expression of CPT2, spliced XBP1 (sXBP1), EDEM, ERDJ4, HSPA5, and GADD34 measured by RT-qPCR in HK2 cells transfected with siCPT2 or with siCTRL for 48 hours (5–6 replicates per condition). Bars represent mean ± SD. P values were calculated with Student’s t test. (G) Immunoblots representing IRE1α, HSPA5, CPT2, and tubulin protein expression in HK2 cells transfected with siCPT2 or with siCTRL for 48 hours.