Table 2.

Main Clinical Trials of Remimazolam for Sedation Under Gastroscopy

Author (Year)	Phase	N	Dose of Remimazolam	Age (Years)	Primary Endpoint	Comparator	Co-Treatment	Location (s)	Results
Borkett et al 201937	IIa	100	Three dose of group: 0.10, 0.15, or 0.20 mg/kg	18–65	Safety and efficacy of different single doses for sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy	Midazolam 0.075 mg/kg	N/A	USA	A single dose of remimazolam (0.1–0.2mg/kg) was able to induce rapider sedation and faster recovery than midazolam in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Chen et al 202138	III	384	5.0 mg plus 2.5 top-ups	18–60	Compare efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosilate with propofol for sedation in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy	Propofol 1.5 mg plus 0.5 mg/kg top-ups	Fentanyl (0.5 μg/kg); lidocaine viscous oral liquid 10g	China	The sedation successful rate in remimazolam was non-inferior to propofol but shorter time to recovery from sedation, safety profile appears to be superior to propofol
Tan et al 202239	III	99	Initial dose: two dose of group (0.1 mg/kg or 0.2 mg/kg), supplemental dose: 0.05 mg/kg	>60	Efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosilate in patients undergoing bronchoscopy	Propofol 1.0–1.5 mg plus 0.5mg/kg top-ups	N/A	China	A dose of 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam tosilate suitable for sedation in elderly patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal endoscopy
Cao et al 202240	III	148	0.107 mg/kg	18–65	Efficacy and safety of remimazolam tosilate sedation in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing gastroscopy	Propofol 2 mg/kg	Sufentanil 0.15 μg/kg	China	Remimazolam tosilate combined with sufentanil adjuvant is better than propofol with sufentanil in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing gastroscopy

Abbreviations: N, number of subjects; N/A, not available/applicable.