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. 2022 Sep 28;73(21):7165–7181. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erac384

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

The chloroplast as metabolic hub for phytohormone precursors. Numerous phytohormone pathways start with secondary metabolism in plastids: xanthoxine biosynthesis via the xanthophyll cycle—the precursor of ABA; chorismate biosynthesis—the precursor of SA and auxin (IAA); oxidized lipids such as linolenic acid—the precursor of jasmonates (via JA); cystathionine—the precursor for methionine and thus ethylene. ACC: 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate; IAA, indole-3-acetic acid; OPDA, oxophytodienoic acid; SAM, S-adenosyl-l-methionine.