Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of study sample (N = 536,647), overall and by antenatal depression and suicidal ideation, 2008–2018.
| Category | All individuals 2008 | All individuals 2018 | Antenatal depression 2008 |
Antenatal depression 2018 |
Antenatal suicidal ideation 2008 |
Antenatal suicidal ideation 2018 |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| N | % (95 % CI) | n | % (95 % CI) | n | % (95 % CI) | n | % (95 % CI) | n | % (95 % CI) | n | % (95 % CI) | |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| ≤18 | 1096 | 1.72% [0.95,2.50] |
321 | 0.59% [−0.25,1.43] |
80 | 7.30 % [5.76,8.84] |
64 | 19.94 % [15.54,24.33] |
16 | 1.46% [0.75,2.17] |
23 | 7.17% [4.33,10.00] |
| 19–26 | 9903 | 15.58 % [14.87,16.29] |
8113 | 14.91 % [14.13,15.68] |
508 | 5.13 % [4.70,5.56] |
816 | 10.06 % [9.40,10.71] |
32 | 0.32 % [0.21,0.43] |
116 | 1.43% [1.17,1.69] |
| 27–34 | 34,200 | 53.81 % [53.28,54.34] |
29,231 | 53.71 % [53.14,54.28] |
1674 | 4.89 % [4.67,5.12] |
1856 | 6.35 % [6.07,6.63] |
31 | 0.09 % [0.06,0.12] |
59 | 0.20% [0.15,0.25] |
| 35–39 | 14,470 | 22.77 % [22.08,23.45] |
13,595 | 24.98 % [24.25,25.71] |
863 | 5.96 % [5.58,6.35] |
1011 | 7.44 % [7.00,7.88] |
12 | 0.08 % [0.04,0.13] |
32 | 0.24% [0.15,0.32] |
| ≥ 40 | 3891 | 6.12% [5.37,6.88] |
3161 | 5.81 % [4.99,6.62] |
318 | 8.17% [7.31,9.03] |
341 | 10.79 % [9.71,11.87] |
7 | 0.18 % [0.05,0.31] |
12 | 0.38 % [0.17,0.59] |
| Race | ||||||||||||
| Asian | 4215 | 6.63 % [5.88,7.38] |
4644 | 8.53 % [7.73,9.34] |
86 | 2.04 % [1.61,2.47] |
148 | 3.19% [2.68,3.69] |
5 | 0.12% [0.01,0.22] |
8 | 0.17% [0.05,0.29] |
| Black | 5679 | 8.93 % [8.19,9.68] |
4797 | 8.81 % [8.01,9.62] |
253 | 4.46 % [3.92,4.99] |
352 | 7.34 % [6.60,8.08] |
8 | 0.14 % [0.04,0.24] |
40 | 0.83 % [0.58,1.09] |
| Hispanic | 7934 | 12.48% [11.76,13.21] |
7524 | 13.83 % [13.05,14.61] |
328 | 4.13 % [3.70,4.57] |
413 | 5.49 % [4.97,6.00] |
11 | 0.14 % [0.06,0.22] |
31 | 0.41 % [0.27,0.56] |
| Unknown/missing | 6940 | 10.92 % [10.19,11.65] |
2603 | 4.78% [3.96,5.60] |
366 | 5.27% [4.75,5.80] |
197 | 7.57 % [6.55,8.58] |
13 | 0.19 % [0.09,0.29] |
10 | 0.38 % [0.15,0.62] |
| White | 38,792 | 61.03 % [60.55,61.52] |
34,853 | 64.04 % [63.54,64.55] |
2410 | 6.21 % [5.97,6.45] |
2978 | 8.54 % [8.25,8.84] |
61 | 0.16 % [0.12,0.20] |
153 | 0.44% [0.37,0.51] |
| Income | ||||||||||||
| ≤400 % FPL | 329 | 0.52 % [−0.26,1.29] |
473 | 0.87% [0.03,1.71] |
21 | 6.38 % [3.73,9.04] |
37 | 7.82 % [5.39,10.25] |
8 | 1.69% [0.53,2.86] |
||
| >400 % FPL | 48,706 | 76.63 % [76.25,77.01] |
41,961 | 77.10 % [76.70,77.51] |
2659 | 5.46 % [5.26,5.66] |
3209 | 7.65 % [7.39,7.90] |
64 | 0.13 % [0.10,0.16] |
167 | 0.40% [0.34,0.46] |
| Region | ||||||||||||
| Great Lakes/Northern Plains | 15,110 | 23.77 % [23.09,24.45] |
14,846 | 27.28 % [26.56,28.00] |
972 | 6.43 % [6.04,6.82] |
1391 | 9.37 % [8.90,9.84] |
25 | 0.17 % [0.10,0.23] |
92 | 0.62% [0.49,0.75] |
| Mountain | 5745 | 9.04 % [8.30,9.78] |
5695 | 10.46 % [9.67,11.26] |
366 | 6.37 % [5.74,7.00] |
491 | 8.62 % [7.89,9.35] |
10 | 0.17 % [0.07,0.28] |
25 | 0.44% [0.27,0.61] |
| Northeast | 6441 | 10.13 % [9.40,10.87] |
5375 | 9.88% [9.08,10.67] |
391 | 6.07 % [5.49,6.65] |
356 | 6.62 % [5.96,7.29] |
8 | 0.12% [0.04,0.21] |
10 | 0.19% [0.07,0.30] |
| Pacific | 7100 | 11.17% [10.44,11.90] |
6172 | 11.34 % [10.55,12.13] |
244 | 3.44 % [3.01,3.86] |
384 | 6.22 % [5.62,6.82] |
5 | 0.07 % [0.01,0.13] |
15 | 0.24% [0.12,0.37] |
| Southeast | 29,107 | 45.79 % [45.22,46.37] |
22,110 | 40.63 % [39.98,41.28] |
1468 | 5.04 % [4.79,5.29] |
1463 | 6.62 % [6.29,6.94] |
50 | 0.17 % [0.12,0.22] |
99 | 0.45% [0.36,0.54] |
| Unknown | 57 | 0.09 % [−0.69,0.87] |
223 | 0.41 % [−0.43,1.25] |
2 | 3.51 % [−1.42,8.43] |
3 | 1.35% [−0.18,2.87] |
1 | 0.45% [−0.44,1.33] |
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| Insurance | ||||||||||||
| POS | 41,705 | 65.62 % [65.16,66.07] |
40,318 | 74.09 % [73.66,74.51] |
2260 | 5.42 % [5.20,5.64] |
3002 | 7.45 % [7.19,7.70] |
67 | 0.16 % [0.12,0.20] |
159 | 0.39 % [0.33,0.46] |
| EPO or HMO | 19,648 | 30.91 % [30.27,31.56] |
12,603 | 23.16 % [22.42,23.89] |
1009 | 5.14% [4.83,5.44] |
887 | 7.04 % [6.59,7.48] |
25 | 0.13 % [0.08,0.18] |
53 | 0.42% [0.31,0.53] |
| PPO | 2038 | 3.21 % [2.44,3.97] |
772 | 1.42% [0.58,2.25] |
148 | 7.26% [6.13,8.39] |
82 | 10.62 % [8.44,12.80] |
6 | 0.29 % [0.06,0.53] |
12 | 1.55% [0.68,2.43] |
| Indemnity/other | 169 | 0.27 % [−0.51,1.04] |
728 | 1.34% [0.50,2.17] |
26 | 15.38 % [9.89,20.88] |
117 | 16.07 % [13.40,18.75] |
18 | 2.47% [1.34,3.60] |
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| Other mental health conditions | ||||||||||||
| No | 59,377 | 93.42 % [93.22,93.62] |
44,996 | 82.68 % [82.33,83.03] |
1757 | 2.96 % [2.82,3.10] |
1050 | 2.33 % [2.19,2.47] |
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| Yes | 4183 | 6.58 % [5.83,7.33] |
9425 | 17.32 % [16.55,18.08] |
1686 | 40.31 % [38.82,41.79] |
3038 | 32.23 % [31.29,33.18] |
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| Substance-related disorder | ||||||||||||
| No | 60,882 | 95.79 % [95.63,95.95] |
48,240 | 88.64 % [88.36,88.93] |
2979 | 4.89 % [4.72,5.06] |
2886 | 5.98 % [5.77,6.19] |
54 | 0.09 % [0.07,0.11] |
82 | 0.17% [0.13,0.21] |
| Yes | 2678 | 4.21 % [3.45,4.97] |
6181 | 11.36 % [10.57,12.15] |
464 | 17.33 % [15.89,18.76] |
1202 | 19.45 % [18.46,20.43] |
44 | 1.64% [1.16,2.12] |
160 | 2.59% [2.19,2.98] |
FPL = federal poverty level; POS = point of service; EPO = exclusive provider organization; HMO = health maintenance organization; PPO = preferred provider organization.