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. 2022 Nov 19;13(11):976. doi: 10.1038/s41419-022-05413-4

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Treatment of ESCs with 3-MA or Baf1 increased ROS generation. Data shown are the mean ± SD, n = 3; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; Student’s t-test. B Treatment of ESCs with 3-MA or Baf1 decreased ATP generation. Data shown are the mean ± SD, n = 3; **, P < 0.01; Student’s t-test. C 3-MA or Baf1 treatment induced enhanced DNA damage response in ESCs. D Quantifications of each protein expression in (C). Data are shown as mean ± SD, n = 3; *, P < 0.05; Student’s t-test. E The decreased expression of SOX2, OCT4, NANOG and increased expression of 53BP1, γH2AX in atg3^−/− ESCs were rescued by gain expression of wide-type but not LC3-binding dead mutant V8D Atg3. F Quantifications of each protein expression in (E). Data are shown as mean ± SD, n = 3; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; Student’s t-test.