Fig. 3. Associations of proteomics and metabolomics levels with T2D.
A Using a linear model, 214 proteins were significantly associated at a Bonferroni level of significance (p < 0.05/1305 = 3.83 × 10−5) with T2D in QBB after adjusting for age and sex. B Comparison of effect sizes between QBB and AGES. The replication status of 107 common proteins is shown red: Bonferroni significant (p < 0.05/107 = 4.67 × 10−4) in both studies, black: significant only in QBB. C Using a linear model, 194 metabolites were significantly associated at a Bonferroni level of significance (p < 0.05/1159 = 4.31 × 10−5) with T2D after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. D Comparison between QBB and QMDiab. The replication status of the 175 common metabolites is shown in red/black–Bonferroni significant (p < 0.05/175 = 2.86 × 10−4) or significant only in QBB. T2D: Type 2 Diabetes, QBB: Qatar Biobank, QMDiab: Qatar Metabolomics Study of Diabetes.