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| Material | Methods | Ref |
| Gold | Turkevich method | 10,11 |
| Brust-Schiffrin method | 12 | |
| Galvanic replacement | 13,14 | |
| Cobalt sacrifice | 15 | |
| Seeding | 12 | |
| Desalting method | 16 | |
| Carbon based material | Electric arc discharge | 17 |
| Laser ablation | 18 | |
| Chemical vapor deposition | 18 | |
| Flame synthesis | 19 | |
| Spray pyrolysis | 18 | |
| Pulverization | 20 | |
| GO | Exfoliation | 21 |
| R-GO | Reduction | 21 |
Abbreviations: GO, Graphene oxide; R-GO, Reduced graphene oxide
