Table 1.
Characteristics of children/adolescents (< 18 years-old year) hospitalized from January/2019 to February/2022 in the Brazilian Public Health System.
| Overall (n = 94,198) |
2019 (n = 20,890) |
2020 (n = 26,723) |
2021 (n = 38,718) |
2022 (n = 7867) |
p-value† | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex at birtha | 50,095 (53.2) | 10,981 (52.6) | 14,109 (52.8) | 20,723 (53.5) | 4282 (54.4) | 0.009 |
| Age, yearsb | 6.76 (5.75) | 8.65 (5.29) | 7.11 (5.74) | 5.78 (5.77) | 5.34 (5.39) | < 0.001 |
| Age categoriesa | < 0.001 | |||||
| < 6 years-old | 48,866 (51.9) | 7003 (33.5) | 13,142 (49.2) | 23,712 (61.2) | 5009 (63.7) | |
| 6–11 years-old | 23,279 (24.7) | 7526 (36) | 6902 (25.8) | 7241 (18.7) | 1610 (20.5) | |
| 12–17 years-old | 22,053 (23.4) | 6361 (30.4) | 6679 (25.0) | 7765 (20.1) | 1248 (15.9) | |
| Skin-colora | < 0.001 | |||||
| White | 19,744 (21.0) | 4435 (21.2) | 5718 (21.4) | 7695 (19.9) | 1896 (24.1) | |
| Black | 1877 (2.0) | 381 (1.8) | 591 (2.2) | 742 (1.9) | 163 (2.1) | |
| Mixed (“Pardo”) | 42,806 (45.4) | 9550 (45.7) | 12,455 (46.6) | 17,151 (44.3) | 3650 (46.4) | |
| Yellow/Asian | 1456 (1.5) | 619 (3.0) | 472 (1.8) | 312 (0.8) | 53 (0.7) | |
| Indigenous | 654 (0.7) | 83 (0.4) | 232 (0.9) | 298 (0.8) | 41 (0.5) | |
| Not reported | 27,661 (29.4) | 5822 (27.9) | 7255 (27.1) | 12,520 (32.3) | 2064 (26.2) | |
| Macro-regiona | < 0.001 | |||||
| North | 11,475 (12.2) | 1891 (9.1) | 4311 (16.1) | 4393 (11.3) | 880 (11.2) | |
| Northeast | 39,896 (42.4) | 8937 (42.8) | 10,157 (38.0) | 18,251 (47.1) | 2551 (32.4) | |
| Southeast | 24,201 (25.7) | 6191 (29.6) | 6647 (24.9) | 8992 (23.2) | 2371 (30.1) | |
| South | 9184 (9.7) | 1030 (4.9) | 2826 (10.6) | 4247 (11) | 1081 (13.7) | |
| Center-west | 9442 (10.0) | 2841 (13.6) | 2782 (10.4) | 2835 (7.3) | 984 (12.5) | |
| Disease categoriesa | < 0.001 | |||||
| Hepatitis of unknown etiology | 1535 (1.6) | 629 (3.0) | 404 (1.5) | 443 (1.2) | 59 (0.8) | |
| Viral Hepatitis A-E | 467 (0.5) | 205 (1.0) | 113 (0.4) | 129 (0.3) | 20 (0.3) | |
| Other infectious hepatitis | 432 (0.5) | 180 (0.9) | 108 (0.4) | 131 (0.3) | 13 (0.2) | |
| Other liver diseases | 3739 (4.0) | 1303 (6.3) | 1100 (4.1) | 1158 (3.0) | 178 (2.3) | |
| Complications of Liver Transplant | 1009 (1.1) | 348 (1.7) | 307 (1.2) | 292 (0.8) | 62 (0.8) | |
| Adenovirus infection | 1844 (2.0) | 1015 (4.9) | 455 (1.7) | 306 (0.8) | 68 (0.9) | |
| SARS-CoV-2 infection | 49,293 (52.7) | 5 (0.0) | 14,467 (54.5) | 28,876 (75.1) | 5945 (75.9) | |
| Other viral infection | 35,255 (37.7) | 17,021 (82.2) | 9605 (36.2) | 7142 (18.6) | 1487 (19.0) | |
| Outcomes | ||||||
| Length of hospitalization, daysb | 5.38 (6.53) | 4.18 (4.73) | 5.55 (6.88) | 5.95 (7.11) | 5.22 (6.02) | < 0.001 |
| Deatha | 1867 (2.0) | 128 (0.6) | 632 (2.4) | 953 (2.5) | 154 (2.0) | < 0.001 |
Data expressed as a number (%) and b mean (standard-deviation); †p-values obtained by chi-square tests. Disease categories were classified based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes as hepatitis of unknown etiology (ICD-10: B19, B19.0, B19.9, K72.0, K72.9, K75.9, R94.5, K75 or R93.2); viral hepatitis A-E (ICD-10 codes: B15, B15.0, B15.9, B16, B16.0, B16.1, B16.2, B16.9, B17.0, B17.1 or B17.2); other infectious hepatitis (ICD-10 codes: A06.4, B17, B17.8, B25.1, B67.0, B67.5, B67.8, B94.2, O98.4 or P35.3); other liver diseases (ICD-10 codes: K72, K74.1, K75.2, K75.3, K75.4, K75.8, K76, K76.0, K76.1, K76.2, K76.3, K76.4, K76.5, K76.8, K76.9, K77, Q26.6, Q44, Q44.6 or Q44.7); adenovirus infection (ICD-10 codes: A08.2, A85.1, A87.1, B30.0, B30.1, B34.0, B97.0 or J12.0); COVID-19 (ICD-10 codes: B34.2, B97.2, U07.1, U07.2, U09.9, U10.9, U12.9 or U92.1); other viral infection (ICD-10 codes: B25.9, B25, B27.1, B25.8, B25.2, B25.0, A90, A91, D82.3, B30.3, A85.0, B97.1, B08.4, B08.5, A88.0, B34.1, A87.0, A08.1, A95, A95.9, A95.0, A95.1 or Z24.3); and complications of liver transplant (ICD-10 codes: T86.4 or Z94.4).