TABLE 3.
Logistic estimation results for over-the-counter drugs consumption (Portugal. 2022).
| ALL SAMPLE | MALES | FEMALES | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | p > z | OR | 95%CI | p > z | OR | 95%CI | p > z | |||||||
| Predisposing factors | |||||||||||||||
| Male | 0.750*** | 0.684 | 0.822 | 0.000 | |||||||||||
| Age | 0.993*** | 0.988 | 0.997 | 0.003 | 0.995 | 0.988 | 1.003 | 0.234 | 0.993** | 0.986 | 0.999 | 0.024 | |||
| Education | 1.013** | 1.003 | 1.022 | 0.012 | 1.014 | 0.997 | 1.032 | 0.115 | 1.011* | 1.000 | 1.023 | 0.060 | |||
| Nr_family | 0.968 | 0.925 | 1.014 | 0.173 | 0.961 | 0.893 | 1.035 | 0.297 | 0.972 | 0.916 | 1.033 | 0.361 | |||
| Civil status | |||||||||||||||
| Single | 0.922 | 0.786 | 1.083 | 0.323 | 1.023 | 0.787 | 1.330 | 0.862 | 0.884 | 0.720 | 1.086 | 0.240 | |||
| Married | 0.886 | 0.763 | 1.028 | 0.110 | 0.909 | 0.709 | 1.166 | 0.452 | 0.908 | 0.751 | 1.098 | 0.319 | |||
| Widow/widower | 1.053 | 0.879 | 1.262 | 0.573 | 1.129 | 0.782 | 1.631 | 0.516 | 1.051 | 0.848 | 1.301 | 0.652 | |||
| Divorced | |||||||||||||||
| Residence area | |||||||||||||||
| Urban | 1.149*** | 1.039 | 1.272 | 0.007 | 1.148* | 0.977 | 1.350 | 0.094 | 1.140** | 1.001 | 1.299 | 0.048 | |||
| Rural | 0.893** | 0.806 | 0.989 | 0.030 | 0.771*** | 0.655 | 0.909 | 0.002 | 0.987 | 0.866 | 1.126 | 0.850 | |||
| Moderate urban | |||||||||||||||
| Enabling factors | |||||||||||||||
| Income | |||||||||||||||
| Q1 (poorest) | |||||||||||||||
| Q2 | 1.121 | 0.959 | 1.310 | 0.152 | 1.179 | 0.877 | 1.585 | 0.276 | 1.089 | 0.901 | 1.316 | 0.377 | |||
| Q3 | 1.151* | 0.977 | 1.355 | 0.092 | 1.074 | 0.801 | 1.440 | 0.633 | 1.217* | 0.994 | 1.490 | 0.057 | |||
| Q4 | 1.373*** | 1.166 | 1.617 | 0.000 | 1.289* | 0.965 | 1.721 | 0.086 | 1.433*** | 1.169 | 1.758 | 0.001 | |||
| Q5 (richest) | 1.733*** | 1.463 | 2.052 | 0.000 | 1.630*** | 1.208 | 2.199 | 0.001 | 1.772*** | 1.437 | 2.185 | 0.000 | |||
| Employment_status | |||||||||||||||
| Employed | 1.109 | 0.916 | 1.342 | 0.291 | 0.902 | 0.589 | 1.382 | 0.637 | 1.153 | 0.925 | 1.437 | 0.204 | |||
| Unemployed | 1.118 | 0.888 | 1.408 | 0.342 | 0.851 | 0.538 | 1.347 | 0.492 | 1.204 | 0.913 | 1.588 | 0.188 | |||
| Student | 1.216 | 0.882 | 1.677 | 0.233 | 0.982 | 0.557 | 1.733 | 0.951 | 1.394 | 0.924 | 2.103 | 0.114 | |||
| Retired | 0.986 | 0.813 | 1.197 | 0.889 | 0.771 | 0.497 | 1.194 | 0.244 | 1.066 | 0.853 | 1.331 | 0.575 | |||
| All remaing status | |||||||||||||||
| Financial_availability | 1.128** | 1.019 | 1.249 | 0.020 | 1.224** | 1.030 | 1.456 | 0.022 | 1.079 | 0.951 | 1.225 | 0.238 | |||
| Needs | |||||||||||||||
| Health and needs | |||||||||||||||
| SAH | 1.064* | 0.999 | 1.132 | 0.054 | 1.082 | 0.977 | 1.197 | 0.130 | 1.061 | 0.979 | 1.149 | 0.152 | |||
| Chronic | 1.011 | 0.911 | 1.121 | 0.843 | 0.982 | 0.831 | 1.162 | 0.834 | 1.031 | 0.902 | 1.180 | 0.653 | |||
| Pain intensity | 1.193*** | 1.156 | 1.232 | 0.000 | 1.225*** | 1.163 | 1.290 | 0.000 | 1.173*** | 1.127 | 1.221 | 0.000 | |||
| Lack courage/well-being | 0.905 | 0.754 | 1.088 | 0.288 | 0.869 | 0.596 | 1.266 | 0.464 | 0.914 | 0.741 | 1.127 | 0.400 | |||
| Lack sleep | 1.153** | 1.012 | 1.313 | 0.032 | 1.340** | 1.066 | 1.685 | 0.012 | 1.067 | 0.912 | 1.250 | 0.417 | |||
| Lack energy | 1.100 | 0.945 | 1.280 | 0.217 | 1.174 | 0.887 | 1.554 | 0.262 | 1.070 | 0.894 | 1.280 | 0.460 | |||
| Lack focus | 0.914 | 0.726 | 1.152 | 0.448 | 0.771 | 0.475 | 1.250 | 0.291 | 0.972 | 0.746 | 1.268 | 0.836 | |||
| Unmet healthcare needs | |||||||||||||||
| Unmet_needs | 1.233*** | 1.066 | 1.427 | 0.005 | 1.211 | 0.942 | 1.557 | 0.134 | 1.261*** | 1.054 | 1.509 | 0.011 | |||
| Waiting_list | 0.724*** | 0.583 | 0.899 | 0.003 | 0.798 | 0.544 | 1.171 | 0.249 | 0.688*** | 0.529 | 0.894 | 0.005 | |||
| Waiting_distance | 1.263*** | 1.143 | 1.397 | 0.000 | 1.276*** | 1.078 | 1.510 | 0.005 | 1.246*** | 1.099 | 1.412 | 0.001 | |||
| Other Needs | |||||||||||||||
| BMI | 0.986*** | 0.977 | 0.996 | 0.006 | 0.982** | 0.964 | 0.999 | 0.039 | 0.990* | 0.979 | 1.002 | 0.095 | |||
| Emergency_pill | 1.348*** | 1.105 | 1.643 | 0.003 | |||||||||||
| Birthcontrol_pill | 0.889 | 0.747 | 1.058 | 0.184 | |||||||||||
| Constant | 0.219*** | 0.127 | 0.378 | 0.000 | 0.173*** | 0.070 | 0.424 | 0.000 | 0.201*** | 0.098 | 0.412 | 0.000 | |||
| Number of obs | 13,155 | 5740 | 7388 | ||||||||||||
| Wald chi2 (29) | 466.86 | 192.52 | 235.28 | ||||||||||||
| Prob > chi2 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | ||||||||||||
| Pseudo R2 | 0.0344 | 0.0360 | 0.0290 | ||||||||||||
| Log pseudolikelihood | −6,807.220 | −2,711.719 | −4,065.832 | ||||||||||||
| Linktest | |||||||||||||||
| _hatsq (P > z) | 0.0062 | 0.935 | 0.156 | 0.145 | 0.025 | 0.824 | |||||||||
| Hosmer-Lemeshow chi2 (Prob > chi2) | 3.71 | 0.8819 | 8.13 | 0.4212 | 7.55 | 0.4781 | |||||||||
Note: _cons estimates baseline odds; ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1. Bold indicates statistically significant OR.