TABLE 1.

Different types of plants along with their biological effects.

Plant name/species	Family	Source	Ingredient with biologically significant activity	Action	References
Ginkgo biloba	Ginkgoaceae	Leaves	Quercetin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin	Boosts circulation to the brain	Mashayekh et al. (2021)
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer	Araliaceae	Root and aerial parts	Aglycones, protopanaxadiol, and protopanaxatriol	Neurons survive longer by increasing their supply of survival compounds known as neurotrophic factors	Miranda et al. (2019)
Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi	Lamiaceae	Root and aerial parts	Baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin	Protect neurons from oxidative damage	Yoon et al. (2017)
Curcuma longa	Zingiberaceae	Rhizome	Curcumin	Inhibition of cytokine production and microglia activation	Yu et al. (2018)
Vitis vinifera	Vitaceae	Fruits and seeds	Resveratrol, quercetin, and catechin	Neuroprotective effects	Tabeshpour et al. (2018)
Salvia officinalis L.	Lamiaceae	Leaves and flowers	1,8-Cineole, camphor, borneol, caryophyllene, and linalool	Anticholinesterase activity	Kennedy et al. (2006)
Coffea	Rubiaceae	Seeds	Caffeine	Acts on adenosine receptors	López-Cruz et al. (2018)
Camellia sinensis Kuntze	Theaceae	Leaves	Epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and epicatechin	Antioxidants, protects from oxidative stress, reduces amyloid proteins	Bazyar et al. (2021)
Bacopa monniera	Plantaginaceae	Whole plant	Herpestine, d-mannitol, hersaponin, and monnierin	Enhancing neuronal synthesis, kinase activity, restoring synaptic activity, and nerve impulse transmission	Mathur et al. (2016)
Centella asiatica	Apiaceae	Leaves	Asiaticoside, brahmoside, brahminoside, asiatic acid, madecassic acid, brahmic acid, isobrahmic acid, and betulic acid	Antioxidant action, acetylcholine esterase inhibitor activity	Hafiz et al. (2020)
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora	Plantaginaceae	Roots	Glycosides, terpenoids, phenylethanoids, glycosides, and phenolic glycosides	Neuritogenic activity	Kumar et al. (2015)