TABLE 3.
Clinical predictors of venous morphometry using multivariate general linear regression models.
| Intima/media area ratio | Medial fibrosis | |||
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| β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Main model | ||||
| Age (per year) | 0.13 (0.002, 0.26) | 0.046 | 0.17 (0.04, 0.30) | 0.012 |
| Female sex | –0.08 (–0.19, 0.03) | 0.133 | 0.03 (–0.08, 0.14) | 0.615 |
| Hispanic | –0.02 (–0.15, 0.11) | 0.731 | –0.06 (–0.19, 0.07) | 0.345 |
| Black | –0.10 (–0.25, 0.04) | 0.154 | 0.09 (–0.06, 0.23) | 0.246 |
| Hypertension | –0.01 (–0.16, 0.14) | 0.909 | –0.04 (–0.19, 0.11) | 0.628 |
| Diabetes | 0.06 (–0.06, 0.18) | 0.333 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.018 |
| CKD/ESKD | 0.18 (0.02, 0.34) | 0.025 | –0.11 (–0.27, 0.05) | 0.170 |
| Basilic vein | –0.03 (–0.13, 0.09) | 0.660 | 0.03 (–0.08, 0.14) | 0.619 |
| CKD subgroup models | ||||
| By stage and AVF history | ||||
| Age (per year) | 0.13 (0.004, 0.26) | 0.043 | 0.17 (0.04, 0.30) | 0.013 |
| Female sex | –0.09 (–0.21, 0.02) | 0.095 | 0.03 (–0.08, 0.14) | 0.624 |
| Hispanic | –0.02 (–0.15, 0.11) | 0.758 | –0.06 (–0.19, 0.07) | 0.344 |
| Black | –0.09 (–0.23, 0.05) | 0.224 | 0.08 (–0.06, 0.23) | 0.256 |
| Hypertension | –0.01 (–0.16, 0.14) | 0.909 | –0.04 (–0.19, 0.12) | 0.638 |
| Diabetes | 0.06 (–0.07, 0.18) | 0.359 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.018 |
| CKD subgroup | ||||
| CKD stage 5 | 0.12 (–0.01, 0.25) | 0.076 | –0.06 (–0.20, 0.07) | 0.341 |
| ESKD no prior AVF | 0.08 (–0.07, 0.23) | 0.276 | –0.09 (–0.24, 0.06) | 0.254 |
| ESKD + prior AVF | 0.19 (0.06, 0.32) | 0.004 | –0.08 (–0.21, 0.05) | 0.250 |
| Basilic vein | –0.04 (–0.15, 0.07) | 0.522 | 0.03 (–0.08, 0.14) | 0.606 |
| By stage and vintage | ||||
| Age (per year) | 0.14 (0.005, 0.26) | 0.042 | 0.17 (0.03, 0.30) | 0.015 |
| Female sex | –0.10 (–0.21, 0.01) | 0.088 | 0.02 (–0.09, 0.133) | 0.705 |
| Hispanic | –0.02 (–0.15, 0.11) | 0.763 | –0.06 (–0.19, 0.07) | 0.345 |
| Black | –0.09 (–0.23, 0.05) | 0.210 | 0.09 (–0.06, 0.23) | 0.225 |
| Hypertension | –0.01 (–0.16, 0.14) | 0.882 | –0.04 (–0.19, 0.12) | 0.635 |
| Diabetes | 0.07 (–0.05, 0.19) | 0.268 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.28) | 0.017 |
| CKD/ESKD subgroup | ||||
| CKD stage 5 | 0.12 (–0.01, 0.25) | 0.079 | –0.06 (–0.20, 0.07) | 0.344 |
| Vintage < 4 mo. | 0.05 (–0.09, 0.18) | 0.496 | –0.12 (–0.25, 0.01) | 0.074 |
| Vintage 4–12 mo. | 0.03 (–0.10, 0.17) | 0.631 | –0.06 (–0.19, 0.08) | 0.428 |
| Vintage > 12 mo. | 0.22 (0.09, 0.35) | 0.001 | –0.04 (–0.17, 0.09) | 0.538 |
| Basilic vein | –0.03 (–0.14, 0.08) | 0.573 | 0.03 (–0.08, 0.14) | 0.635 |
Reference levels for binary variables are male sex, white race, non-basilic vein, and negative for hypertension, diabetes, and CKD/ESKD. CI, confidence interval. Bold values indicate statistical significance.