Table 2.
Risk of bias (ROBINS-I)
| Study | Confounding | Selection | Intervention Measurement | Missing Data | Outcome Measurement |
Reported
Result |
Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Andalib, 2018 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Derakhshanrad, 2016 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Fakharian, 2004 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Fakharian, 2019 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Ghajarzadeh, 2019 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Haddadi, 2015 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Jazayeri, 2015 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Kamravan, 2014 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Khazaeipour, 2017 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Rahimi-movaghar, 2009 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Ramezani, 2019 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Rasouli, 2007 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Saatian, 2020 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Sharif-Alhoseini, 2014 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Tabesh, 2018 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Yousefzadeh-Chabok, 2010 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Yousefzadeh-Chabok, 2015 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Yadollahi, 2018 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
| Yazdani, 2021 | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Note: Moderate=the study is sound for a non-randomized study with regard to this domain but cannot be considered comparable to a well-performed randomized trial; Low=the study is comparable to a well-performed randomized trial with regard to this domain.