Table 2.
Primary and secondary outcomes
| NIV (n = 92) | HFNC (n = 90) | Difference between groups (95%CI), p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary outcome, n (%) | |||
| All-cause reintubation | 21 (22.8) | 35 (38.9) | −16.0 (−29.2 to −0.3), p = 0.019 |
| Secondary outcomes | |||
| Postextubation respiratory failure, n (%) | 40 (43.5) | 40 (44.4) | −0.9 (−15.4‒13.5), p = 0.896 |
| Ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, n (%) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | −1.1 (−3.3‒1.1), p = 0.495 |
| Ventilator-associated pneumonia, n (%) | 4 (4.3) | 7 (7.8) | −3.4 (−10.4‒3.5), p = 0.369 |
| Other infections, n (%) | 1 (1.1) | 2 (2.2) | −1.1 (−4.8‒2.6), p = 0.619 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (3.3) | 1 (−5.5‒7.6), p = 1.000 |
| Multiorgan failure, n (%) | 3 (3.3) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (−4.5‒6.6), p = 1.000 |
| Hospital LOS, median (IQR), d | 20 (12‒36.7) | 26.5 (15‒45) | 6.5 (0.5‒21.1), p = 0.068 |
| ICU LOS, median (IQR), d | 9.5 (4‒15) | 12.5 (6.7‒19) | 3 (−0.6‒5.6), p = 0.047 |
| ICU mortality, n (%) | 12 (13) | 4 (4.4) | 9.7 (−1.1‒18.7), p = 0.356 |
| Hospital mortality, n (%) | 14 (15.2) | 6 (6.7) | 8.5 (−0.7‒18), p = 0.475 |
| Time to reintubation, median (IQR), h | 27 (6‒47) | 27 (8‒48) | 0 (−25‒25), p = 0.582 |
| Intolerance to therapy, n (%) | 19 (20.7) | 8 (8.9) | 11.7 (1.6–21.9), p = 0.026 |
| Nasal discomfort, n (%) | 18 (19.6) | 6 (6.7) | 12.9 (3.3–22.5), p = 0.010 |
| Facial skin ulcer, n (%) | 4 (4.3) | 0 (0) | 4.3 (0.1–8.5), p = 0.045 |
| Exploratory outcomes | |||
| Time on therapy 0–24 h, median (IQR), h | 22.5 (19.25‒24) | 24 (24‒24) | < 0.001 |
| Time on therapy 24‒48 h, median (IQR), h | 18 (10.5‒22) | 20 (8‒24) | 0.060 |
| Temperature, median (IQR), °C | 29 (29‒29) | 37 (37‒37) | < 0.001 |
| Reintubation rate at 5 d, n (%) | 21 (23.3) | 26 (28.8) | 0.321 |
| Time to reintubation at 5 d, median (IQR), h | 27 (6‒47) | 10 (6.5‒28) | 0.029 |
| FiO2 after 48 h, median (IQR), % | 31.3 (9) | 31.8 (8) | 0.645 |
HFNC high-flow nasal cannula; ICU intensive care unit; IQR interquartile range; LOS length of stay; NIV noninvasive ventilation