Table 1.

Demographic, baseline lung imaging, and clinical characteristics of the patients

Characteristic	Melatonin (n = 109)	Control (n = 117)	P-value
Age, year	54.60 ± 11.51	54.69 ± 13.40	0.954
20–39	6 (5.5)	14 (12.0)
40–69	96 (88.1)	91 (77.8)	0.112
70–99	7 (6.4)	12 (10.3)
Male gender	47 (43.1)	49 (41.9)	0.893
Underlying disease
Hypertension	34 (31.2)	26 (22.2)	0.135
Diabetes mellitus	36 (33.0)	30 (25.6)	0.244
Hyperthyroidism	22 (20.2)	11 (9.4)	0.024
Hypothyroidism	7 (6.4)	2 (1.7)	0.092
Asthma	7 (6.4)	4 (3.4)	0.362
Thalassemia	9 (8.3)	5 (4.3)	0.273
Coronary artery disease	9 (8.3)	5 (4.3)	0.273
Rheumatoid arthritis	5 (4.6)	3 (2.6)	0.487
Malignancy	8 (7.3)	4 (3.4)	0.241
Imaging findings
Right upper zone infiltrate	58 (53.2)	61 (52.1)	0.895
Right middle zone infiltrate	101 (92.7)	106 (90.6)	0.637
Right lower zone infiltrate	109 (100)	117 (100)	–
Left upper zone infiltrate	47 (43.1)	45 (38.5)	0.500
Left middle zone infiltrate	99 (90.8)	102 (87.2)	0.405
Left lower zone infiltrate	109 (100)	117 (100)	–
Symptoms onset until hospitalization	9.84 ± 1.66	9.89 ± 1.66	0.839
Symptoms onset until Intervention (admitted ICU)	17.11 ± 2.16	17.08 ± 2.04	0.905
Ward LOS before Intervention	7.27 ± 1.60	7.19 ± 1.41	0.697
Drugs treatments
Antiviral drugs	57 (52.3)	56 (47.9)	0.594
Glucocorticoids	44 (40.4)	56 (47.9)	0.285

Values were presented as mean ± SD for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. Baseline was defined as the time of admission in ICU before the administration of melatonin. Comparison between groups was performed using the t test or Fisher’s exact test. p < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant