Skip to main content
. 2022 Nov 15;45(11):763–770. doi: 10.14348/molcells.2022.0097

Fig. 1. Summary of recent progress in the roles of insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) in C. elegans longevity.

Fig. 1

Reduced IIS promotes longevity by enhancing cellular maintenance, including proteostasis, via increasing autophagy and lysosome activities, RNA homeostasis, through regulating nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) and microRNAs (miRNAs), and oxidative stress and pathogen resistance. IIS also regulates aging by modulating lipid and amino acid metabolism, endocrine signaling among several tissues, including the intestine, neurons and muscles, and the activities of novel factors that interact with classical IIS components. These processes cooperatively contribute to longevity. The roles of the genes in aging regulation shown in this figure are discussed in the corresponding sections of the text more in detail. unc-120/serum response factor, chn-1/C-term of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), prx-5/peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5), smg-2/UPF1, algn-2/alpha-1,3/1,6-mannosyltransferase (ALG2), rgs-1/regulator of G protein signaling 20 (RGS20), zip-10/bZIP transcription factor, adipose triglyceride lipase-1 (atgl-1), forkhead transcription factor-9 (fkh-9), spr-3/4/repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), initiation factor (EIF)-2α (eif-2α), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (cdk-1), mbk-1/human dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A), daf-21/Hsp90, prefoldin 6 (pfd-6), suppressor of ACY-4 sterility 1 (sacy-1), lbp-3/fatty acid-binding protein, K02D7.1/purine nucleoside phosphorylase, kin-4/microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase, and daf-18/phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Asterisk (*), new alleles.