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. 2022 Nov 17;12(11):e060364. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060364

Table 3.

Association between leukocyturia and symptoms in preceding 2 weeks

Leukocyturia Leukocyturia
0 + ++ 0 + ++
Total samples (N) 303 32 12 303 32 12
OR* per symptomatic day
(for increase in postshift leukocyturia, per symptomatic day in 2 preceding weeks (95% CI))
OR* for ever symptomatic (for increase in postshift leukocyturia, presence of symptom in 2 preceding weeks (95% CI))
Symptom Number of days with symptom in preceding 2-week period
Mean (SD)
At any day in preceding 2-week period experiencing symptom
N (%)
Extremely dry mouth 1.2 (2.4) 2.1 (3.7) 4.8 (6.7) 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) 104 (34%) 12 (38%) 5 (42%) 1.1 (0.4 to 3.2)
Dysuria 1.1 (2) 1.8 (2.5) 0.7 (1.6) 1.1 (0.9 to 1.3) 128 (42%) 19 (59%) 2 (17%) 1.3 (0.5 to 3.2)
Little urine 0.6 (1.8) 1.7 (2.9) 2.2 (5.1) 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) 63 (21%) 15 (47%) 2 (17%) 3.9 (1.4 to 10.4)
Dark urine 1.2 (3) 1.9 (3.2) 1.5 (3.5) 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) 70 (23%) 15 (47%) 3 (25%) 5.3 (2.0 to 14.3)
Cramps 0.6 (1.7) 1.3 (2.9) 0.9 (2.9) 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) 55 (18%) 12 (38%) 2 (17%) 5.8 (1.8 to 18.3)
Headache 1.3 (2.2) 2.8 (4.1) 1.6 (1.5) 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) 134 (44%) 22 (69%) 9 (75%) 5.2 (1.8 to 14.5)
Fever 0.3 (0.8) 1.6 (3.2) 3.2 (5.4) 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) 41 (14%) 14 (44%) 5 (42%) 3.8 (1.5 to 9.3)
Nosebleed 0 (0.3) 0.2 (0.9) 0 (0) 2.2 (0.9 to 5.4) 8 (3%) 2 (6%) (%) 2.8 (0.3 to 29.5)
Tremor 0.2 (0.8) 0.8 (2.9) 0.3 (0.6) 1.4 (1.1 to 1.9) 31 (10%) 4 (13%) 2 (17%) 1.8 (0.5 to 6.3)
Hand/Foot inflammation 0.1 (1) 0.1 (0.5) 0.8 (1.6) 1.1 (0.8 to 1.5) 13 (4%) 1 (3%) 3 (25%) 2.8 (0.5 to 14.8)
Abdominal pain 0.3 (0.9) 0.6 (1) 1.3 (2.7) 1.7 (1.2 to 2.4) 42 (14%) 11 (34%) 3 (25%) 3.2 (1.1 to 9.1)
Feel like vomiting 0.3 (0.9) 0.4 (0.7) 0.1 (0.3) 1.4 (0.8 to 2.4) 47 (16%) 9 (28%) 1 (8%) 2.9 (0.9 to 8.8)
Vomiting 0.1 (0.4) 0.1 (0.3) 0.1 (0.3) 2.1 (0.7 to 6.6) 17 (6%) 3 (9%) 1 (8%) 4.8 (0.9 to 24.9)
Diarrhoea 0.1 (0.4) 0.1 (0.4) 0 (0) 0.7 (0.2 to 2.5) 11 (4%) 2 (6%) (%) 0.4 (0.0 to 3.1)
Breathing difficulties 0.4 (1.4) 0.1 (0.5) 0 (0) 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) 43 (14%) 2 (6%) (%) 0.4 (0.1 to 2.1)
Wheezing 0.5 (1.7) 0.2 (0.8) 0.5 (1.4) 1.0 (0.7 to 1.3) 36 (12%) 2 (6%) 2 (17%) 0.9 (0.2 to 3.5)
Fainting 0 (0.1) 0 (0) 0 (0) 2 (1%) (%) (%)
Palpitations 0.4 (1.3) 0.5 (1.6) 0.4 (1.4) 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) 38 (13%) 4 (13%) 1 (8%) 0.6 (0.2 to 2.3)
Weakness 0.8 (2) 1.2 (1.9) 3.7 (5.7) 1.1 (1.0 to 1.3) 72 (24%) 10 (31%) 5 (42%) 1.6 (0.6 to 4.1)
Disorientation 0.2 (1) 0.1 (0.4) 0.3 (0.6) 1.0 (0.6 to 1.6) 18 (6%) 1 (3%) 2 (17%) 2.4 (0.4 to 14.1)
Dizziness 0.2 (0.9) 0.5 (1.1) 2 (4.7) 1.5 (1.0 to 2.1) 32 (11%) 8 (25%) 2 (17%) 4.1 (1.3 to 12.7)

*OR from multinomial mixed effects logistic regression model.