Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of study population
| Variables | Survivors (n=183) | Non-survivors (n=118) | P value |
| n (%)/mean±SD/median (IQR) | n (%)/mean±SD/median (IQR) | ||
| Age (years) | 70.0 (56.0–83.0) | 74.0 (58.0–85.0) | 0.13 |
| Male | 134 (73.2) | 81 (68.6) | 0.43 |
| ICU stay (days) | 13.0 (6.0–28.0) | 8.9 (4.0–14.6) | <0.01 |
| 28-day IMV time (hours) | 63.0 (0–370.0) | 140.0 (31.5–268.0) | 0.25 |
| NRS2002 | 4.0 (3.0–4.0) | 4.0 (4.0–6.0) | <0.01 |
| APACHE II | 18.9±5.3 | 23.3±5.5 | <0.01 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 (20.5–25.3) | 21.8 (19.1–25.2) | 0.14 |
| Lab testing results | |||
| Albumin (g/L) | 34.8±4.7 | 34.0±5.3 | 0.17 |
| Globulin (g/L) | 26.0 (22.7–28.3) | 26.4 (23.2–29.1) | 0.68 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 59.6±8.7 | 58.9±9.2 | 0.48 |
| Retinol-binding protein (mg/L) | 27.7 (19.2–39.0) | 25.3 (16.5–36.6) | 0.17 |
| Prealbumin (g/L) | 0.15 (0.10–0.20) | 0.12 (0.08–0.17) | <0.01 |
| Transferrin (g/L) | 1.20 (0.97–1.65) | 1.09 (0.83–1.46) | 0.01 |
| Haemoglobin (g/L) | 100.8 (87.0–115.0) | 96.3 (82.8–117.0) | 0.31 |
| Serum creatinine (μmol/L) | 69.1 (51.9–105.6) | 107.4 (72.5–176.3) | <0.01 |
| Urea (mmol/L) | 9.2 (6.9–13.9) | 13.6 (8.5–18.6) | <0.01 |
| ALT (U/L) | 36.7 (24.5–63.5) | 36.4 (23.6–71.8) | 0.98 |
| AST (U/L) | 41.5 (29.2–64.5) | 56.1 (31.6–85.4) | <0.01 |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) | 0.30 (0.13–0.94) | 1.43 (0.37–3.64) | <0.01 |
| Infective comorbidities | |||
| Pneumonia | 101 (55.19) | 96 (81.36) | <0.01 |
| Septic shock | 14 (7.65) | 30 (25.42) | <0.01 |
| Blood stream infection | 4 (2.19) | 8 (6.78) | 0.09 |
| Urinary infection | 11 (6.01) | 8 (6.78) | 0.79 |
| Infections of the central nervous system | 3 (1.64) | 4 (3.39) | 0.55 |
| Intra-abdominal infection | 3 (1.64) | 4 (3.39) | 0.55 |
| Surgical disease | |||
| Cerebral haemorrhage | 45 (24.59) | 33 (27.97) | 0.51 |
| Abdominal surgery | 23 (12.57) | 7 (5.93) | 0.06 |
| Multiple injuries | 18 (9.84) | 5 (4.24) | 0.07 |
| Complications | |||
| Heart failure | 51 (27.87) | 59 (50.00) | <0.01 |
| Renal insufficiency | 25 (13.66) | 57 (48.31) | <0.01 |
| Liver insufficiency | 13 (7.10) | 18 (15.25) | 0.02 |
| Hypertension | 79 (43.17) | 75 (63.56) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (16.39) | 43 (36.44) | <0.01 |
| Hypoproteinaemia | 12 (6.56) | 9 (7.63) | 0.72 |
| Cerebral ischaemic stroke | 49 (26.78) | 33 (27.97) | 0.82 |
Bold entries indicate statistical significance.
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; ICU, intensive care unit; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation; NRS2002, Nutrition Risk Screening 2002.