Table 2.
Hazards ratios of CVD, ESKD, all-site cancer, all-site infection, and all-cause mortality associated with prediabetes defined by IFG (FPG 5·6-6·9 mmol/L), prediabetes defined by elevated HbA1c (HbA1c 5·7-6·4%), per 1-unit increase in FPG, and per 1- unit increase in HbA1c across age groups.
| Prediabetes defined by IFG | Prediabetes defined by elevated HbA1c | Per 1-unit (mmol/L) increase in FPG | Per 1-unit (%) increase in HbA1c | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CVD | ||||
| 20–39 years | 1·85 (1·62, 2·10) | 1·91 (1·44, 2·53) | 1·55 (1·41, 1·70) | 2·42 (1·63, 3·60) |
| 40–59 years | 1·22 (1·18, 1·25) | 1·19 (1·10, 1·29) | 1·17 (1·14, 1·20) | 1·25 (1·12, 1·40) |
| 60–79 years | 1·04 (1·02, 1·07) | 1·03 (0·96, 1·10) | 1·04 (1·02, 1·06) | 1·13 (1·03, 1·24) |
| ≥80 years | 1·00 (0·95, 1·06) | 0·95 (0·83, 1·09) | 0·98 (0·94, 1·02) | 0·97 (0·81, 1·16) |
| All ages | 1·11 (1·09, 1·13) | 1·12 (1·06, 1·17) | 1·10 (1·09, 1·12) | 1·21 (1·13, 1·29) |
| P value for trend | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 |
| ESKD | ||||
| 20–39 years | 1·84 (1·48, 2·28) | 1·61 (1·02, 2·56) | 1·44 (1·24, 1·68) | 2·14 (1·12, 4·09) |
| 40–59 years | 1·46 (1·36, 1·57) | 1·15 (0·95, 1·39) | 1·27 (1·19, 1·34) | 1·25 (0·97, 1·61) |
| 60–79 years | 1·20 (1·15, 1·25) | 1·01 (0·89, 1·16) | 1·17 (1·13, 1·22) | 1·11 (0·94, 1·32) |
| ≥80 years | 1·11 (1·02, 1·21) | 0·83 (0·68, 1·02) | 1·09 (1·02, 1·17) | 0·80 (0·61, 1·05) |
| All ages | 1·22 (1·18, 1·26) | 0·99 (0·90, 1·08) | 1·15 (1·12, 1·18) | 1·03 (0·91, 1·17) |
| P value for trend | 0·062 | 0·154 | 0·020 | 0·205 |
| All-site cancer | ||||
| 20–39 years | 1·06 (0·91, 1·24) | 1·03 (0·78, 1·37) | 1·06 (0·96, 1·16) | 1·07 (0·72, 1·58) |
| 40–59 years | 1·07 (1·04, 1·10) | 0·99 (0·91, 1·07) | 1·04 (1·02, 1·07) | 0·93 (0·83, 1·04) |
| 60–79 years | 1·03 (1·00, 1·05) | 0·98 (0·92, 1·06) | 1·03 (1·01, 1·05) | 0·96 (0·88, 1·06) |
| ≥80 years | 1·03 (0·96, 1·10) | 0·89 (0·76, 1·05) | 1·05 (0·99, 1·11) | 0·96 (0·76, 1·19) |
| All ages | 1·05 (1·03, 1·07) | 1·02 (0·97, 1·07) | 1·05 (1·04, 1·07) | 1·01 (0·95, 1·08) |
| P value for trend | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·004 |
| All-site infection | ||||
| 20–39 years | 1·36 (1·25, 1·48) | 1·38 (1·19, 1·60) | 1·21 (1·15, 1·28) | 1·82 (1·48, 2·25) |
| 40–59 years | 1·08 (1·05, 1·11) | 0·90 (0·84, 0·97) | 1·02 (1·00, 1·05) | 0·89 (0·81, 0·99) |
| 60–79 years | 1·00 (0·98, 1·02) | 0·92 (0·87, 0·98) | 0·98 (0·96, 1·00) | 0·92 (0·85, 0·99) |
| ≥80 years | 0·94 (0·90, 0·97) | 0·83 (0·76, 0·92) | 0·91 (0·88, 0·94) | 0·76 (0·67, 0·86) |
| All ages | 0·99 (0·97, 1·00) | 0·86 (0·83, 0·90) | 0·94 (0·93, 0·95) | 0·82 (0·78, 0·87) |
| P value for trend | <0·001 | <0·001 | <0·001 | 0·002 |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| 20–39 years | 1·37 (1·18, 1·59) | 1·17 (0·89, 1·52) | 1·17 (1·06, 1·30) | 1·06 (0·73, 1·55) |
| 40–59 years | 1·18 (1·14, 1·22) | 0·81 (0·75, 0·89) | 1·08 (1·05, 1·11) | 0·74 (0·66, 0·84) |
| 60–79 years | 1·02 (1·00, 1·04) | 0·87 (0·82, 0·91) | 1·00 (0·98, 1·01) | 0·84 (0·79, 0·90) |
| ≥80 years | 0·97 (0·94, 1·01) | 0·77 (0·72, 0·83) | 0·93 (0·90, 0·95) | 0·73 (0·66, 0·81) |
| All ages | 1·02 (1·01, 1·04) | 0·81 (0·78, 0·84) | 0·98 (0·97, 0·99) | 0·76 (0·73, 0·80) |
| P value for trend | <0·001 | 0·753 | 0·196 | 0·109 |
Adjusting for baseline age, sex, and calendar year. All p-values for interaction test are statistically significant. ADA: American Diabetes Association; CVD: cardiovascular disease; ESKD: end-stage kidney disease; IFG: impaired fasting glucose.