Table 1.

Definition of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder diagnoses.

Diagnosis	Main diagnostic features
Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS)	Generalized joint hypermobility (positive Beighton score), positive family history, and/or specific systemic manifestations
Generalized hypermobility spectrum disorder (G-HSD)	Generalized joint hypermobility (positive Beighton score) with musculoskeletal involvement
Localized hypermobility spectrum disorder (L-HSD)	Localized joint hypermobility (negative Beighton score) with musculoskeletal involvement
Historical hypermobility spectrum disorder (H-HSD)	Historical presence of joint hypermobility (e.g., positive 5-point questionnaire) but negative Beighton score, musculoskeletal involvement
Asymptomatic generalized joint hypermobility (A-GJH)	Generalized joint hypermobility, no musculoskeletal involvement

Diagnostic criteria are based on Malfait et al., 2017² and Castori et al. 2017.¹⁵ All diagnoses are based on exclusion of other acquired and hereditary connective tissue disorders or genetic conditions that may have overlapping features, on either clinical or molecular diagnostic grounds.