. 2022 Sep 1;8(6):2511–2520. doi: 10.1002/vms3.923

TABLE 4.

Duodenal morphology at day 42 of age in Ross 308 male broilers (n = 24) fed different levels of green tea extract (GTE) or powder (GTP), neutral control (NC) or positive control (PC)

Treatment	Villus length (μm)	Villus width (μm)	Crypt depth (μm)	Villus length to crypt depth ratio	Thickness of epithelium (μm)	Number of goblet cells in epithelium
NC	1700^d	148^c	321^a	5.31^c	41.8^a	5
PC	1910^d	170^bc	270^b	7.08^c	30.1^c	8
GTE0.2	2393^abc	197^a	231^bc	10.42^ab	35.3^b	10
GTE0.3	2390^ab	199^a	213^c	11.36^ab	34.2^b	13
GTE0.4	2443^a	213^a	200^c	12.31^a	33.3^b	15
GTP1	2310^bc	193^ab	233^bc	10.01^b	34.3^b	11
GTP2	2320^bc	191^ab	239^bc	7.79^b	34.1^b	11
GTP3	2290^c	188^ab	240^bc	9.56^b	33.3^b	11
p Value	0.0001	0.001	0.0002	0.0001	0.002	0.35
SEM (standard error of mean)	53.35	4.57	8.24	0.486	0.69	0.93

Means within each column with common superscript do not differ significantly at p < 0.05.

NC: negative control; PC: positive control; GTE: green tea extract; GTP: green tea powder.