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. 2022 Nov 7;13:1026887. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026887

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Copyright © 2022 Wang, Zhu, Zhang and Liu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Viruses manipulate ribosomes to shut down host protein translation. Cellular mRNA biogenesis begins in the nucleus, and viruses use various mechanisms to block the translation of host mRNA, including remodeling of the host mRNA library, inhibiting host mRNA transport from the nucleus, and blocking ribosomal recruitment of eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF). Consequently, viruses can block ribosomal mRNA entry channels or inhibit the binding of ribosomal size subunits to prevent the translation of host proteins.