Table 1.
Demographics and Group Descriptions for the Full ABCD baseline sample and four ADHD phenotype refinements
| % of Full Sample | % of Non-ADHD | % of ADHD 1 | % of ADHD 2 | % of ADHD 3 | % of ADHD 4 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | (N = 11875) | (n = 10784) | (n = 1091) | (n = 1029) | (n = 642) | (n = 420) |
| ADHD prevalence | 9.17 | 0.00 | 9.17 | 8.54 | 5.41 | 3.53 |
| %Male | 52.11 | 50.41 | 68.92 | 68.63 | 64.90 | 67.10 |
| Race: | ||||||
| % White Non-Hispanic | 60.10 | 59.73 | 63.82 | 65.46 | 62.88 | 61.36 |
| % Black | 15.94 | 15.76 | 17.71 | 16.62 | 17.28 | 18.40 |
| % Asian | 2.49 | 2.65 | 0.83 | 0.88 | 0.61 | 0.62 |
| % Native American/AK Native | 0.55 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.50 | 0.79 | 0.98 |
| % Native Hawaiian/Pacific Is. | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| % More than one race | 12.58 | 12.34 | 14.94 | 14.79 | 14.53 | 16.18 |
| Ethnicity: % Latinx/Hispanic | 20.68 | 21.09 | 16.59 | 15.86 | 18.12 | 18.86 |
| % Prescribed ADHD Medication | 8.05 | 5.39 | 34.28 | 34.00 | 39.84 | 44.65 |
| M Age (months) | 118.94 (0.07) | 118.98 (0.07) | 118.58 (0.22) | 118.53 (0.23) | 118.23 (0.30) | 118.12 (0.37) |
| M Income Group (1–10) | 7.12 (0.02) | 7.13 (0.02) | 7.02 (0.07) | 7.15 (0.07) | 6.93 (0.10) | 6.70 (0.12) |
| M CBCL Externalizing T-score | 45.72 (0.09) | 44.60 (0.09) | 56.82 (0.33) | 56.44 (0.34) | 58.60 (0.41) | 61.40 (0.48) |
| M CBCL Internalizing T-score | 48.43 (0.10) | 47.55 (0.10) | 57.09 (0.33) | 56.76 (0.33) | 57.48 (0.42) | 60.21 (0.48) |
| M CBCL Attention T-score | 53.87 (0.06) | 52.74 (0.04) | 65.0 (0.27) | 64.70 (0.27) | 66.63 (0.33) | 70.76 (0.36) |
| M Executive Function | −0.006 (0.007) | 0.012 (0.007) | −0.189 (0.024) | −0.167 (0.025) | −0.20 (0.032) | −0.216 (0.041) |
| M General Cognitive Ability | −0.008 (0.007) | 0.007 (0.007) | −0.155 (0.024) | −0.125 (0.024) | −0.207 (0.031) | −0.237 (0.038) |
| M Learning and Memory | −0.003 (0.006) | 0.016 (0.007) | −0.187 (0.021) | −0.164 (0.022) | −0.222 (0.027) | −0.284 (0.033) |
| M WISC-V Matrix Reasoning | 9.85 (0.03) | 9.90 (0.03) | 9.31 (0.09) | 9.53 (0.09) | 9.43 (0.12) | 9.30 (0.15) |
| M PRS (traditional, standardized) | 0.024 (0.009) | 0.013 (0.010) | 0.133 (0.030) | 0.116 (0.031) | 0.156 (0.039) | 0.234 (0.048) |
| M PRS LD_Pred (standardized) | 0.027 (0.009) | 0.013 (0.010) | 0.160 (0.031) | 0.140 (0.032) | 0.184 (0.039) | 0.259 (0.048) |
Note: Values are pooled estimates of mean and standard error across all imputation sets. N is estimated after imputation. For race, the ABCD variable codes were combined as follows: White Non-Hispanic utilized the White category, excluding anyone that met the Hispanic/Latinx ethnic variable; Asian included Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Other Asian; Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander included Native Hawaiian, Guamanian, Samoan, and Other Pacific Islander. Matrix reasoning is the scaled score. ABCD=Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. ADHD=Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. CBCL=Child Behavior Checklist. PRS=Polygenic Risk Score. WISC-V=Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. See text for methods and definitions.