Table 2.
Estimated Rate within ADHD Population of Three Classes of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorder before and After Adjusting for Other Comorbidity Classes
| % of ADHD with Any Disruptive Behavior Disorder | % of ADHD with Any Mood Disorder | % of ADHD with Any Anxiety Disorder | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
||||||||||
| Criterion | Covariate Inclusion Status | Est. | Lower CI | Upper CI | Est. | Lower CI | Upper CI | Est. | Lower CI | Upper CI |
| ADHD1 (n = 1091) | Unadjusted | 36.1 | 32.1 | 40.2 | 5.4 | 3.6 | 7.9 | 33.0 | 29.4 | 36.8 |
| Adjusted | 31.5 | 27.7 | 35.6 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 4.4 | 26.3 | 22.8 | 30.1 | |
| ADHD2 (n = 1029) | Unadjusted | 33.1 | 29.2 | 37.2 | 4.6 | 3.0 | 6.9 | 30.4 | 26.9 | 34.2 |
| Adjusted | 28.9 | 25.2 | 32.9 | 2.4 | 1.5 | 7.8 | 23.8 | 20.5 | 27.5 | |
| ADHD3 (n = 642) | Unadjusted | 34.8 | 30.2 | 39.8 | 4.7 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 32.2 | 27.8 | 37.0 |
| Adjusted | 30.0 | 25.4 | 35.0 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 3.9 | 24.2 | 20.1 | 28.9 | |
| ADHD4 (n = 420) | Unadjusted | 36.9 | 31.5 | 42.7 | 4.9 | 2.9 | 8.2 | 36.8 | 31.3 | 42.6 |
| Adjusted | 30.9 | 25.7 | 36.7 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 27.4 | 22.3 | 33.1 | |
Note: Prevalence was estimated using the risk ratio (converted from the logistic regression odds ratio) with the control group as the baseline after controlling for age and sex. Adjusted prevalence represents the likelihood of demonstrating the comorbidity given the ADHD criterion diagnosis after controlling for other comorbidities, age, and sex. Unadjusted only controlled for age and sex. N is estimated after imputation. Any disruptive includes Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Conduct Disorder. Any anxiety disorder includes agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, unspecified anxiety disorder, separation anxiety, and social anxiety. Any mood disorder includes major depressive disorder, disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, and unspecified depressive disorder. See Table S2 in the online supplement for a detailed breakdown of the % of ADHD cases by each definition having each of the disorders assessed. Results without controlling for age and sex are in Table S2; Table S3 provides the statistical for odds ratio results from the logistic regression analyses presented here in Table 2. ADHD=Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.