Table 1.
Demographic and clinical data of subjects enrolled in studies evaluating levels of Hcy, FIB and LPa in patients With PAD and control subjects
| No. | Authors | Years | Study design | Country | Number of participants | Men n(%) | Age | Exposure | OR | SMD/WMD | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAD | Controls | PAD | Controls | PAD | Controls | ||||||||||
| mean | SD | mean | SD | ||||||||||||
| 1 | Thomas Mueller [39] | 2005 | Case–control study | Austria | 433 | 433 | 306 (70.7) | 306 (70.7) | 68 | 11.85 | 68 | 11.11 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 2 | Mengyuan Liu [36] | 2020 | Cohort study | China | 3119 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 3 | Dan Rong [37] | 2017 | Case–control study | China | 240 | 240 | 203 (84.6) | 195 (80.0) | 63.6 | 12 | 59.2 | 7.8 | Hcy | ✓ | ✓ |
| 4 | Janaka Weragoda [40] | 2016 | Case–control study | Sri Lanka | 79 | 158 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 5 | Monica L. Bertoia [41] | 2014 | Cohort study | Netherlands |
Women: 143 Men: 143 |
424 428 |
NG | NG |
59.9 65.4 |
5.2 8.1 |
60 65.3 |
5.2 8.1 |
Hcy | ||
| 6 | Tamam Mohamad [42] | 2011 | Cohort study | US | 6590 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 7 | Michelangelo Sartori [21] | 2010 | Cross-sectional study | Italy |
CL: 181 CLI:110 |
210 |
118 (65.2) 69 (72.7) |
122 (67.4) |
68.7 72.2 |
9.4 9.4 |
68.6 | 5.8 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 8 | Adriano Sabino [43] | 2009 | Case–control study | Brazil | 44 | 37 | 26(59.1) | 17 (45.9) | 68.9 | 9.7 | 60.9 | 9.2 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 9 | L. Garofolo [44] | 2007 | Cross-sectional study | Brazil | 1008 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 10 | Eliseo Guallar [45] | 2005 | Cross-sectional study | US | 310 | 4137 | 139 (44.8) | 2011 (48.6) | 68.5 | 10.2 | 55.5 | 3.4 | Hcy | ||
| 11 | Matthew A. Allison [46] | 2006 | Cross-sectional study | US | 275 | 6378 | 126 (45.8) | 2981 (46.7) | 70 | 9 | 62 | 10 | FIB + Hcy | ✓ | |
| 12 | P. Eller [20] | 2005 | Cross-sectional study | Austria | 241 | 241 | 164 (68.0) | 164 (68.0) | 68.6 | 11.8 | 69.3 | 11.4 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 13 | T. Mueller [47] | 2004 | Case–control study | Austria | 100 | 100 | 47 (47) | 47 (47) | 76 | 7.4 | 76 | 8.1 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 14 | Maurice A. A. J. van den Bosch [48] | 2003 | Case–control study | Netherlands | 220 | 629 | 0 | 0 | 48 | 7 | 44.8 | 8.3 | Hcy | ✓ | ✓ |
| 15 | DG.M. Bloemenkamp [49] | 2002 | Case–control study | Netherlands | 212 | 475 | 0 | 0 | 48.2 | 7 | 45.5 | 8.1 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 16 | D. G. M. Bloemenkamp [50] | 2002 | Case–control study | Netherlands | 150 | 412 | 0 | 0 | 48.7 | 6.9 | 45.5 | 7.9 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 17 | H. Stricker [51] | 2001 | Case–control study | Switzerland | 51 | 51 | 32 (62.7) | 32 (62.7) | 68.3 | NG | 68.5 | NG | Hcy | ✓ | ✓ |
| 18 | Robert Loncar [52] | 2001 | Case–control study | Germany | 40 | 40 | NG | NG | 51.8 | 7.5 | 45.6 | 6.8 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 19 | Daniel Bunout [53] | 2000 | Case–control study | Chile | 32 | 24 | NG | NG | 69.6 | 11 | 71.8 | 9.9 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 20 | L. Todesco [54] | 1999 | Case–control study | Switzerland | 63 | 106 | 29 (46.0) | 58 (54.7) | 74 | 10 | 76 | 16 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 21 | Wibert S. Aronow [55] | 1998 | Cross-sectional study | US |
men: 51 women: 96 |
107 266 |
NG | NG |
82 84 |
9 8 |
80 81 |
8 8 |
Hcy | ✓ | |
| 22 | M.R. Malinow [56] | 1989 | Case–control study | US | 47 | 29 | 26 (55.3) | 18 (62.1) | 70.1 | 10.6 | 65.9 | 3.9 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 23 | Lloyd M. Taylor [57] | 1991 | Case–control study | US | 214 | 29 | 110 (51.4) | 18 (62.1) | 65 | 11.5 | 66 | 3.9 | Hcy | ✓ | |
| 24 | Aeron M. Small [13] | 2020 | Cohort study | US |
24,009 5373 1925 |
150,983 42,485 18,285 |
23,416 (97.5%) 5166 (96.1%) 1885 (97.9%) |
138,753 (91.9%) 36,188 (85.2%) 16,400 (89.7%) |
74.4 69.6 71.6 |
9.4 9.4 9.6 |
66.9 60.4 59.0 |
13.2 11.6 14.8 |
FIB | ✓ | |
| 25 | Savas Celebi [58] | 2020 | Cross-sectional study | Turkey | 152 | 128 | 126 (82.90) | 86 (67.18) | 69.01 | 11.13 | 58.13 | 12.78 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 26 | Alexandr Ceasovschih [22] | 2020 | Case–control study | Romania | 216 | 80 | 176 (81.5) | 64 (80) | 69 | 15 | 68 | 16 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 27 | C. Roncal Mancho [59] | 2014 | Case–control study | Spain | 88 | 20 | NG | NG | 71 | 11 | 80 | 5 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 28 | S. Marlene [60] | 2014 | Cohort study | US | 113 | 727 | 113 (100) | 727 (100) | 68 | 10 | 67 | 11 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 29 | Anetta Undas [61] | 2010 | Case–control study | Poland | 106 | 106 | 82 (77.4) | 79 (74.5) | 57.1 | 6.9 | 56.4 | 6.8 | FIB + Hcy | ✓ | |
| 30 | Emile L.E. de Bruijne [62] | 2010 | Case–control study | Netherlands | 47 | 141 | 13 (27.7) | 39 (27.7) | 43.2 | 7.9 | 43 | 7.6 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 31 | Laura M Reich [63] | 2007 | Cohort study | US | 441 | 13,939 | 159 (36) | 6273 (45) | 57 | 7.4 | 54 | 7.4 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 32 | Roberto Antonio Mangiafico [64] | 2006 | Case–control study | Italy | 164 | 164 | 122 (74) | 120 (73) | 70 | 3.4 | 70.3 | 3.7 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 33 | E.A. Kaperonis [65] | 2006 | Case–control study | Greece | 51 | 30 | 43 (84.3) | 21 (70) | 70 | 7.3 | 67 | 13.6 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 34 | Rachel P. Wildman [66] | 2005 | Cohort study | US | 4787 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | FIB | ✓ | |
| 35 | Khurram Nasir [67] | 2005 | Cross-sectional study | US | 220 | 3729 | 72 (36) | 1790 (48) | 68 | 16.3 | 54 | 12.2 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 36 | Elizabeth Selvin [6] | 2004 | Cross-sectional study | US | 141 | 2033 | 65 (46.2) | 980 (48.2) | 68.7 | 1.5 | 55.7 | 0.4 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 37 | A. Kursat Bozkurt [68] | 2004 | Case–control study | Turkey | 20 | 20 | 20 (100) | 20 (100) | 58.5 | 8.5 | 49.6 | 9.2 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 38 | Felicity B. Smith [69] | 2003 | Cross-sectional study | UK | 104 | 663 | 56 (53.9) | 317 (47.8) | 65.8 | 5.1 | 63.7 | 5.1 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 39 | Andrew J. Makin [70] | 2003 | Case–control study | UK | 234 | 50 | 145 (62) | 27 (54) | 68.6 | 10 | 68.6 | 10 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 40 | R. Giunta [71] | 2001 | Case–control study | Italy | 27 | 20 | 15 (55.6) | 11 (55.0) | 66 | 11 | 65 | 10 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 41 | Wouter T. Meijer [14] | 2000 | Cohort study | Netherlands |
men:2589 women:3861 |
NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | FIB + Hcy | ✓ | |
| 42 | Andrew Blann [72] | 1998 | Cross sectional study | UK | 95 | 120 | 75 (79) | 84 (70) | 62 | 9 | 56 | 13 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 43 | Pavel Poredoš [73] | 1996 | Case–control study | Slovenia | 33 | 19 | 12 (66.7); 9 (60.0) | 16 (84.2) |
63 ± 8.3 69 ± 10.4 |
NG | 63 | 9.5 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 44 | Thomas Herren [74] | 1994 | Case–control study | Switzerland | 22 | 13 | 14 (63.6) | 9 (69.2) | 64.8 | 8 | 63 | 7.5 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 45 | R. R. Fabsitz [75] | 1998 | Case–control study | US |
women:145 men:81 |
2401 1597 |
NG | NG |
60.3 59.6 |
7.9 8 |
56.1 55.5 |
7.8 8 |
FIB | ✓ | |
| 46 | Agnieszka Okraska-Bylica [76] | 2012 | Case–control study | Poland |
≤ 55: 31 > 55: 32 |
40 |
23 (74.2) 25 (78.1) |
28 (70) |
53 62 |
3 6.3 |
52.5 | 3.3 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 47 | Shuai Bing Li [77] | 2013 | Cross sectional study | China | 145 | 837 | 69 (47.5) | 251 (30) | 62.67 | 11.12 | 61.27 | 10.59 |
Hcy FIB |
✓ | ✓ |
| 48 | G.C.Leng [78] | 1995 | Cross-sectional study | Scotland | 131 | 722 | 63 (48.1) | 377 (52.2) | 66.8 | 5.7 | 63.6 | 5.4 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 49 | Pirjo Mustonen [79] | 1998 | Case–control study | Finland | 15 | 15 | 10 (66.7) | 10 (66.7) | 59 | 8 | 57 | 11 | FIB | ✓ | |
| 50 | Azin Kheirkhah [80] | 2020 | Case–control study | Austria | 248 | 251 | NG | NG | 58.3 | 6.3 | 56.9 | 9.5 | LPa | ✓ | |
| 51 | Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe [81] | 2017 | Cohort study | Scotland | 499 | NG | NG | NG | Lpa | ✓ | |||||
| 52 | N. Tmoyan [82] | 2017 | Case–control study | Russian | 61 | 130 | 49 (80) | 55 (42) | 64.1 | 10.5 | 54.7 | 10.5 | LPa | ✓ | ✓ |
| 53 | Nketi I. Forbang [38] | 2016 | Cohort study | US | 4618 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ||
| 54 | Anja Laschkolnig [83] | 2014 | Case–control study | Germany | 241 | 246 | 241 (100) | 246 (100) | 58 | 6 | 56 | 9 | LPa | ✓ | |
| 55 | Zi Ye [84] | 2012 | Case–control study | US | 211 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa + FIB | ✓ | |
| 56 | Monica L. Bertoia [85] | 2013 | Case–control study | Korea |
women: 144 men: 143 |
432 429 |
NG | NG |
59.9 65.4 |
5.2 8.1 |
60 65.3 |
5.2 8.1 |
LPa | ✓ | |
| 57 | Annie M. Be´rard [86] | 2013 | Case–control study | French | 113 | 241 | 89 (78.8) | 186 (77.2) | 39 | 7.8 | 33.1 | 6 | Lpa + FIB + Hcy | ✓ | ✓ |
| 58 | Deepti Gurdasani [87] | 2012 | Cohort study | UK | 596 | 212,385 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ||
| 59 | Stefano Volpato [88] | 2010 | Cohort study | Italy | 1002 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ||
| 60 | Aruna D. Pradhan [89] | 2008 | Cohort study | US | 100 | 27,835 | 0 | 0 | 59.3 | 7.3 | 54.7 | 7.1 |
FIB Hcy LPa |
✓ | |
| 61 | Joachim H. Ix [90] | 2008 | Case–control study | US | 104 | 164 | 49 (47) | 77 (47) | 69 | 10 | 68 | 9 | Hcy + FIB | ✓ | |
| 62 | Benjamin Dieplinger [91] | 2007 | Case–control study | Austria | 213 | 213 | 158 (74) | 158 (74) | 66 | 10.37 | 66 | 10.37 | LPa | ✓ | |
| 63 | G.B. Vigna [92] | 2006 | Italy | 67 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ✓ | ||
| 64 | Francesco Sof [93] | 2005 | Case–control study | Italy | 280 | 280 | 216 (77.1) | 216 (77.1) | 69 | 40.7 | 70 | 45.9 | Hcy + LPa | ✓ | |
| 65 | Curt Diehm [94] | 2004 | Cross-sectional study | Germany | 1230 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ✓ | |
| 66 | Paul M. Ridker [95] | 2001 | Case–control study | US | 140 | 140 | NG | NG | 58 | 8.8 | 57.7 | 8.9 |
Hcy FIB |
✓ | |
| 67 | Kim Sutton-Tyrrell [96] | 1995 | Cohort study | US | 369 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ✓ | |
| 68 | Mark Trinder [97] | 2020 | Cohort study | UK | 2283 | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | NG | LPa | ✓ | |