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. 2022 Jun 21;56(5):309–318. doi: 10.1159/000525639

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Development of biomarker-validated phenotypes using in aging populations. The first level of biomarkers development relies on molecular-biology biomarkers which could identify individuals belonging to the disease spectrum in large, aging populations with and without a neurological diagnosis at baseline. The second level in biomarkers development will emerge from exploratory, unbiased, nonhypothesis-driven approach.