Table 2. Spearman’s rank correlations between soil characteristics and soil microbial communities.

Microbial community	Diversity index	Soil characteristics
		pH	TN	TP	TK	AN	AP	AK	OM
Bacteria	Simpson	−0.53*	0.54*	0.51*	0.31	0.38	0.39	0.69**	0.37
	Chao1	−0.68**	0.67**	0.43	0.53*	0.58*	0.22	0.49	0.67**
	ACE	−0.58**	0.67**	0.41	0.26	0.65**	0.12	0.51*	0.65**
	Shannon	−0.41	0.76**	0.60*	0.21	0.54*	0.36	0.59**	0.63**
Fungi	Simpson	−0.51*	0.21	0.31	0.18	0.32	0.21	0.23	0.52*
	Chao1	−0.77**	0.77**	0.59*	0.33	0.59*	0.33	0.65**	0.69**
	ACE	−0.63**	0.68**	0.56*	0.36	0.66**	0.41	0.71**	0.66**
	Shannon	−0.29	0.47	0.27	0.28	0.55*	0.39	0.43	0.55*

Notes:

n = 7. Significance are demonstrated as: P < 0.05 (*) (two tailed), P < 0.01 (**) (two tailed).

Soil TN, TP, AN, AK and OM concentrations strongly positively influenced soil bacterial and fungal community diversity. However, the diversity indexes of soil microorganisms, such as Simpson, Chao 1 and Ace, increased with the decrease of soil pH.