Table 3.

Frequency distribution with group comparisons for sociodemographic variables.

		Nature/Silence
	N	Mean	SD
All participants	5,144	51.30	24.60
Gender
Female	3,338	52.14	25.00
Male	1,761	49.86	23.69
Diverse	33	46.02	29.18
F value		5.72
p value		0.003
Eta2		0.00
Cohen's d (f vs. m)		0.09
Age categories
< 21 years	188	41.62	23.24
21–30 years	745	45.96	25.81
31–40 years	986	45.73	23.60
41–50 years	1,154	51.75	23.90
51–60 years	1,358	55.61	23.88
61–70 years	489	58.14	22.93
> 70 years	138	62.68	22.30
F value		39.34
p-value		<0.0001
Eta2		0.045
Cohen's d (< 21 y vs. < 70 y)		0.92
Wellbeing (WHO-5)
Low (<13)	2,503	45.40	24.57
Moderate (13–18)	1,504	55.07	22.70
High (> 18)	1,137	59.30	23.84
F value		158.95
p-value		<0.0001
Eta2		0.058
Cohen's d (low vs. high)		0.57
Loneliness (NRS)
Low (0)	1,253	55.48	24.62
Moderate (10–50)	1,950	55.51	22.27
High (> 50)	1,475	44.60	25.76
F value		103.73
p-value		<0.0001
Eta2		0.042
Cohen's d (low vs. high)		0.43

Effect size eta² < 0.06 small, 0.06 to 0.14 moderate, > 0.14 strong effects.

Effect size Cohen's d < 0.20 small, 0.20 to 0.50 moderate, >0.50 strong effects.