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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Econom. 2020 Sep 15;231(1):3–32. doi: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.07.044

Table 3.

Summary Statistics of Answers to the Age-Range Elicitation Form

Brief description of the MSD item Panel A
Scenario 1 Scenario 2
Human capital at birth is “high” Investment is “high” Human capital at birth is “low” Investment is “high”
Youngest age Oldest age Youngest age Oldest age
Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD
Speaks partial sentence 13.96 (0.20) 12.00 (0.00) 5.72 (1.49) 25.37 (0.34) 24.00 (0.00) 9.78 (2.10) 17.98 (0.28) 18.00 (0.42) 7.96 (1.97) 30.03 (0.37) 30.00 (0.76) 10.49 (2.04)
Counts three objects correctly 23.10 (0.32) 24.00 (0.25) 9.18 (1.96) 34.14 (0.35) 36.00 (0.50) 9.97 (1.88) 25.85 (0.35) 24.00 (0.25) 10.10 (2.07) 36.35 (0.34) 36.00 (0.25) 9.77 (1.89)
Knows own age and sex 19.99 (0.29) 18.00 (0.50) 8.19 (1.80) 31.07 (0.34) 30.00 (1.01) 9.62 (1.87) 23.28 (0.32) 24.00 (0.50) 9.20 (1.94) 34.02 (0.34) 36.00 (0.50) 9.66 (1.85)
Says first and last names together 23.62 (0.32 24.00 (0.00) 9.21 (1.94) 34.33 (0.33) 36.00 (0.50) 9.41 (1.85) 26.26 (0.34) 24.00 (0.50) 9.75 (2.01) 36.51 (0.32) 36.00 (0.25) 9.12 (1.83)
Brief description of the MSD item Panel B
Scenario 3 Scenario 4
Human capital at birth is “high” Investment is “low” Human capital at birth is “low” Investment is “low”
Youngest age Oldest age Youngest age Oldest age
Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD Mean Median SD
Speaks partial sentence 19.07 (0.29) 18.00 (0.25) 8.33 (2.07) 30.79 (0.35) 30.00 (0.76) 10.14 (2.00) 22.78 (0.34) 24.00 (0.50) 9.65 (2.15) 34.32 (0.36) 36.00 (0.50) 10.41 (1.97)
Counts three objects correctly 27.55 (0.36) 24.00 (0.50) 10.24 (2.04) 37.73 (0.31) 36.00 (0.50) 8.89 (1.78) 30.44 (0.38) 30.00 (0.92) 10.83 (2.13) 40.24 (0.30) 42.00 (1.01) 8.64 (1.94)
Knows own age and sex 25.35 (0.33) 24.00 (0.00) 9.42 (1.97) 36.17 (0.31) 36.00 (0.00) 8.98 (1.79) 28.84 (0.35) 30.00 (0.50) 10.17 (2.03) 39.06 (0.31) 42.00 (0.50) 8.91 (1.89)
Says first and last names together 28.01 (0.34) 27.00 (0.50) 9.87 (1.95) 38.32 (0.30) 36.00 (0.50) 8.61 (1.83) 30.81 (0.36) 30.00 (0.50) 10.24 (2.08) 40.72 (0.29) 42.00 (0.67) 8.33 (1.96)

Note: This table shows the youngest and oldest age for each MSD item and scenario. See Figure 1 for a full description of the MSD items and scenarios. We order MSD items according to their difficulty, from easiest (“speaks partial sentence”) to hardest (“says first and last name together”). Reported ages decrease with human capital at birth and investments. Standard errors in parentheses.