Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Control | ASYM | SYM | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometrics | ||||
| n | 20 | 15 | 12 | |
| Age, yr | 24 ± 4 | 21 ± 4 | 24 ± 3 | 0.102 |
| Sex, females/males | 11/9 | 6/9 | 9/3 | 0.192 |
| Height, cm | 170 ± 7 | 166 ± 9 | 169 ± 12 | 0.367 |
| Weight, kg | 72 ± 11 | 67 ± 13 | 72 ± 11 | 0.398 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25 ± 4 | 24 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 0.649 |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| White | 13 (65) | 7 (47) | 7 (58) | 0.553 |
| Black/African American | 1 (5) | 2 (13) | 1 (8) | |
| Asian | 5 (25) | 4 (27) | 0 (0) | |
| Other/multiracial | 1 (5) | 2 (13) | 4 (33) | |
| Non-Hispanic/Non-Latino | 18 (90) | 11 (73) | 9 (75) | 0.388 |
| Hispanic/Latino | 2 (10) | 4 (27) | 3 (25) | |
| Resting cardiovascular measures | ||||
| Heart rate, beats/min | 59 ± 8 | 61 ± 11 | 63 ± 11 | 0.634 |
| SBP, mmHg | 112 ± 7 | 111 ± 7 | 113 ± 7 | 0.718 |
| DBP, mmHg | 67 ± 8 | 69 ± 4 | 70 ± 6 | 0.492 |
| MAP, mmHg | 82 ± 7 | 83 ± 5 | 84 ± 6 | 0.655 |
Values are means ± SD and n (%); n, number of participants. ASYM, asymptomatic; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SYM, symptomatic. Data were compared using an ordinary one-way ANOVA or χ2 test (categorical data) in GraphPad prism v9.4. Significance was set as P < 0.05.