Table 5.

CD36 polymorphisms associated with oral fat perception

SNIP	Study (Reference), Year	Population	Findings
rs1527483	Plesník et al. (73)., 2018	Czech young adults	The participants with the CC genotype of the rs1527483 polymorphism had lower BMI (P = 0·011), waist circumference (P = 0.005), waist-to-height ratio (P = 0.010), and higher sensitivity for linoleic acid (LA) (P = 0·037) than the participants with the CT and TT genotypes.
		N = 116; 73 females, 43 males
		Mean age: 21.84 ± 0.22 years
	Ong et al. (72), 2016	Malaysian adults (293, ethnic Chinese, 20 ethnic Indians)	The overall minor allele frequency for rs1527483 was 0.26. Females and individuals with rs1527483 TT genotype significantly perceived greater creaminess of 10% fat-by-weight custard. Also, individuals with rs1527483 TT genotype and T allele significantly perceived greater fat content of cream crackers, independent of fat concentration. Variants were not associated with obesity.
		N = 313; 195 females, 118 males
		Mean age: 20.73 ± 1.55 (males) and 20.74 ± 1.49 (females) years
rs2312018	Plesník et al. (73), 2018	Czech young adults	No association was found between the rs3212018 polymorphism and LA detection threshold or anthropometric parameters (i.e., BMI, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio).
		N = 116; 73 females, 43 males
		Mean age: 21.84 ± 0.22 years
rs1761667	Bajit et al. (50), 2020	Moroccan adults	There was a higher AA genotype frequency of the SNP in obese subjects, and obese subjects had a significantly higher OA threshold. However, OA thresholds in obese subjects were very dispersed, skewing the results.
		N = 100; 72 females and 28 males, mean age 32.37 ± 9.52 years (both)
	Burgess et al. (53), 2018	Caucasian	Supplementation of oleic acid did not enhance fattiness and creaminess perception for the cohort. However, East Asians carrying the GG genotype perceived more overall fattiness and creaminess than their AA genotype counterparts (P < 0.001). No differences were observed for the Caucasians. Thus, variation at rs1761667 may have ethnic‐specific effects on fat-taste perception.
		N = 36; 25 females, 11 males)
		Mean age: 25.3 years
		East Asian
		N = 32; 24 females, 8 males
		Mean age: 25 years
	Karmous et al. (24), 2017	Tunisian adults	A higher AA genotype frequency of rs1761667 was observed in obese subjects compared to normal weight ones (P = 0.012). Also, AA genotype (which encodes alanine) of rs1726866 was more abundant in the obese group (P = 0.017).
		N = 104; 71 females, 33 males
		Mean age: 35.3 years
	Karthi et al. (63), 2021	Indian adults	The AA/AG genotype was associated with a higher LA detection threshold.
		N = 444; 234 males and 210 females
	Ong et al. (72), 2016	Malaysian adults (293, ethnic Chinese, 20 ethnic Indians)	The rs1761667 SNP did not significantly affect oral fat perception, except for cream crackers. Variants were not associated with obesity.
		N = 313; 195 females, 118 males
		Mean age: 20.73 ± 1.55 (males) and 20.74 ± 1.49 (females) years
	Melis et al. (67), 2017	Caucasian Italian adults	The A/G allele of the rs1761667 polymorphism of CD36 was found associated to a distinct metabolic pattern in NW and obese subjects.
		N = 126	The G allele of the CD36 gene rs1761667 was associated with increased endocannabinoid plasma levels and a trend for increased waist-to-hip ratio in obese subjects, even though exhibited decreased BMI with respect to those with AA genotype.
		Age not specified
	Mrizak et al. (71), 2015	Tunisian women	The A allele of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) SNP 1761667 is associated with decreased lipid taste perception in obese Tunisian women. Women with the CD36 GG genotype exhibited oral detection thresholds for oleic acid that were more than three times lower than those with the CD36 AA genotype.
		N = 203
		Mean age: 38.4 years
	Shen et al. (77), 2017	UK adults	No associations were found between CD36 rs1761667 and liking of ice-cream.
		N = 136; 95 females, 41 males
		Age = 50 years (50–year-old cohort of TAMARISK study)
	Solakivi et al. (78), 2015	Finish adults	CD36 SNP rs1761667 variant AA was significantly associated with lower BMI, compared to variants AG and GG at ages of 40, 45, and 50 years. There was no association CD36 variation with hypertension.
		N = 736; 289 females, 447 males
		Age = 1 cohort at 40, 45, and 50 years of age

BMI, body mass index; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism; NW, normal weight.