| Parenting style |
Parenting characteristics |
Parental cognition |
Child's cognitive development |
| Authoritative parenting (warm and firm) |
Inspires children to be independent but sets some boundaries and limits to control their actions. Listens to the child's point of view and is involved in discussions and debates with children. |
Understands the child's point of view, practices sensitive parenting, and scolds a child when required to ensure proper molding of the child's character. Does not use phrases that invoke them, such as "because I said, you should do this." |
Healthy development, the self-reliant child within parental limits, guidelines, regulations, and rules. |
| Authoritarian parenting/controlling Parenting. (a little warm and highly controlling) |
The parent takes strict disciplinary action in a restrictive, punitive style. Does not listen to the child's point of view and does not get involved in the child's discussions and debates. |
Children should accept their parents' orders without any questions. Does not understand the child's point of view. They always scold the child. Uses phrases that invoke the child, "You did this because I said don't do this." Dominant attitude toward the child |
The child will turn out to be rebellious, dependent, and aggressive. |
| Permissive parenting/Indulgent parenting. (warm, undemanding Parenting) |
Parental involvement is passive. The parents do not say no; few boundaries and regulations are not present. If a child is upset, then parents use things (childlike) to make the child feel better. |
The parent doesn't participate in active parenting to shape the children's future. If a child asks for anything or asks to do something, then the child depends on parents' advice or permission. Phrases like "you do what you want, no need to ask" are used. |
Take your own decision without parental knowledge. The child does not listen to orders. |
| Uninvolved parenting/ neglected parenting. (this is not "warm parenting; make no demands.") |
There is less interaction between parents and children. The parents are uninvolved in the children's needs and don't participate in the experience of the child in school and with peers. |
Parents do not want to bother the children. Parents are overwhelmed and self-centered and are engaged with their work and problems. Do not talk to the child. Uses phrases like "I do not care. Do whatever you want. Why should I care about you?" |
Impulsive behavior, self-regulation, do not listen to anyone. Does not care about anything. |
