Table 1.
Examples of immunocompromised conditions and possible mechanisms of immunocompromise
| Immunocompromised Condition | Mechanism of Immunocompromise | Immune Deficits |
|---|---|---|
| Hematologic malignancies | Marrow infiltration and cytotoxic chemotherapy | Lymphopenia Neutropenia Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity |
| Hematopoietic cell transplantation | Corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive medications (eg, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and ibrutinib) | Lymphopenia Neutropenia Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity |
| Solid organ transplant (kidney, lung, and heart) | Corticosteroid use, immunosuppressive medications (eg, tacrolimus, sirolimus, and cyclosporine) | Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity |
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) | Apoptosis of T cells | Lymphopenia Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity |
| Autoimmune rheumatology diseases requiring immunosuppressive drug therapy | Use of immunosuppressive agents (eg, methotrexate, TNF-alpha inhibitors, and specific interleukin inhibitors) | Lymphopenia Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity Impaired innate immunity |
| Primary immunodeficiency syndromes | Hereditary agammaglobulinemia, defective phagocytosis, and impaired leukopoiesis | Lymphopenia Neutropenia Impaired cellular immunity Impaired humoral immunity Impaired innate immunity |