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. 2022 Oct 29;240(12):3289–3304. doi: 10.1007/s00221-022-06496-3

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Representative electromyographic (EMG) traces showing motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) from the nondominant first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle of a single participant. Arrows indicate transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) artefacts. A Short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF). Top trace: non-conditioned MEP with suprathreshold first stimulus (S1) given alone; bottom trace: conditioned MEP with S1 followed by subthreshold second stimulus (S2). B Short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI). Top trace: non-conditioned MEP with test stimulus given alone (threshold-hunting target, THT; 200 µV); bottom trace: conditioned MEP, where the grey trace represents unadjusted THT and the black trace represents adjusted THT in the presence of the conditioning stimulus