Bax levels were elevated in DEN-injected liver tissues and ADSCs treatments recovered this effects. A Immunohistochemical Bax staining in experimental animal liver tissues with DEN treatment for 2, 4, or 8 weeks (DEN), respectively (2wk, 4wk, 8wk). DEN+ADSC: DEN-injected liver tissue slices treated with ADSC for another 4 weeks. DEN+ADSC+T: DEN-injected liver tissue slices with ADSCs pretreated with L-theanine. Arrow points to the brown positive Bax signal stain. The scale bar represents 25 μm. B Quantification of immunohistochemical Bax staining in experimental animal liver tissues. C Western blotting analysis and D quantification of Bax expression in experimental animal liver tissues. Compared to Sham, ***: p < 0.001. Compared to DEN, ##: p < 0.01. ###: p < 0.001. $Compared to DEN + ADSC, p < 0.05. Compared to DEN + ADSC, $$: p < 0.01