AFP levels were elevated in DEN-injected liver tissues and ADSCs treatments reduced this effect. A Immunohistochemical AFP staining in experimental animal liver tissues with DEN treatment for 2, 4, or 8 weeks (DEN), respectively (2wk, 4wk, 8wk). DEN+ADSC: DEN-injected liver tissue slices treated with ADSC for another 4 weeks. DEN+ADSC+T: DEN-injected liver tissue slices with ADSCs pretreated with L-theanine. Arrow points to the brown positive AFP signal stain. The scale bar represents 25 μm. B Quantification of immunohistochemical AFP staining in experimental animal liver tissues. Compared to Sham, *: p < 0.05. Compared to DEN, #: p < 0.05