Table 1.
Baseline characteristics, overall and by incident type 2 diabetes status
| Overall (N = 8,750) | Incident diabetes | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (N = 7,724) | Yes (N = 1,026) | |||
| TEI (kcal), median (IQR) | 1,615 (1,237–2,092) | 1,610 (1,231–2,085) | 1,659 (1,284–2,130) | 0.04 |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 63.2 (8.5) | 63.3 (8.5) | 62.3 (7.7) | 0.04 |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 2,370 (27.1) | 1,954 (25.3) | 416 (40.5) | <0.0001 |
| White | 6,380 (72.9) | 5,770 (74.7) | 610 (59.5) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 4,916 (56.2) | 4,367 (56.5) | 549 (53.5) | 0.06 |
| Male | 3,834 (43.8) | 3,357 (43.5) | 477 (46.5) | |
| Education | ||||
| Less than high school | 475 (5.4) | 385 (5.0) | 90 (8.8) | <0.0001 |
| High school graduate | 1,965 (22.5) | 1,700 (22.0) | 265 (25.8) | |
| Some college | 2,302 (26.3) | 1,983 (25.7) | 319 (31.1) | |
| College graduate and above | 4,008 (45.8) | 3,656 (47.3) | 352 (34.3) | |
| Income | ||||
| <$20,000 | 874 (10.0) | 724 (9.4) | 150 (14.6) | <0.0001 |
| $20,000–$34,000 | 1,855 (21.2) | 1,607 (20.8) | 248 (24.2) | |
| $35,000–$74,000 | 3,059 (35.0) | 2,683 (34.7) | 376 (36.6) | |
| ≥$75,000 | 2,053 (23.5) | 1,888 (24.4) | 165 (16.1) | |
| Did not answer | 909 (10.4) | 822 (10.6) | 87 (8.5) | |
| Geographic region | ||||
| Stroke buckle | 1,906 (21.8) | 1,668 (21.6) | 238 (23.2) | 0.16 |
| Stroke belt | 2,911 (33.3) | 2,556 (33.1) | 355 (34.6) | |
| Nonbelt/buckle | 3,933 (45.0) | 3,500 (45.3) | 433 (42.2) | |
| Smoking | ||||
| Current | 917 (10.5) | 758 (9.8) | 159 (15.5) | <0.0001 |
| Past | 3,515 (40.2) | 3,102 (40.2) | 413 (40.3) | |
| Never | 4,318 (49.4) | 3,864 (50.0) | 454 (44.2) | |
| Alcohol | ||||
| None and heavy | 3,623 (41.4) | 3,276 (42.4) | 679 (66.2) | <0.0001 |
| Moderate | 5,127 (58.6) | 4,448 (57.6) | 347 (33.8) | |
| Physical activity | ||||
| None | 2,426 (27.7) | 2,105 (27.3) | 321 (31.3) | 0.02 |
| 1–3 times per week | 3,511 (40.1) | 3,115 (40.3) | 396 (38.6) | |
| ≥4 times per week | 2,813 (32.2) | 2,504 (32.4) | 309 (30.1) | |
| Waist circumference | ||||
| Normal | 5,131 (58.6) | 4,768 (61.7) | 363 (35.4) | <0.0001 |
| Elevated (men ≥120 cm, women ≥88 cm) | 3,619 (41.4) | 2,956 (38.3) | 663 (64.6) | |
Data are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. IQR, interquartile range.