Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants: total and stratified by inpatient glycemic values
| Variable | Total (n = 1,938) | Normoglycemia (glucose ≤180 mg/dL) (n = 622) | Hyperglycemia (glucose ≥180 mg/dL) (n = 1,316) | P for trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age (years) | 68.08 ± 13.7 | 67.27 ± 14.71 | 68.46 ± 13.18 | 0.09 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 963 (49.69) | 291 (46.78) | 672 (51.06) | |
| Female | 975 (50.31) | 331 (53.22) | 644 (48.94) | 0.08 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 195 (18.77) | 76 (21.47) | 119 (17.37) | |
| Black | 789 (75.94) | 266 (75.14) | 523 (76.35) | |
| Other | 55 (5.29) | 12 (3.39) | 43 (6.28) | 0.06 |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic | 691 (39.64) | 207 (36.77) | 484 (41.02) | |
| Not Hispanic | 1,052 (60.36) | 356 (63.23) | 696 (58.98) | 0.09 |
| Insurance | ||||
| Medicaid | 827 (42.78) | 260 (41.80) | 260 (41.80) | |
| Medicare | 915 (47.34) | 290 (46.62) | 625 (47.67) | |
| Commercial | 191 (9.88) | 72 (11.58) | 119 (9.08) | 0.23 |
| Clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.92 ± 7.25 | 30.48 ± 0.3 | 29.65 ± 0.2 | 0.02 |
| HbA1c (%) | 7.26 ± 1.95 | 6.05 ± 0.76 | 7.85 ± 2.07 | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 10.9 (4.9–19.2) | 7.6 (3.7–14.7) | 12.7 (5.8–21) | <0.001 |
| D-dimer (μg/mL) | 1.74 (0.89–3.34) | 1.31 (0.7–2.5) | 1.74 (1.01–3.62) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | ||||
| No | 318 (16.41) | 122 (19.61) | 196 (14.89) | |
| Yes | 1,620 (83.59) | 500 (80.39) | 1,120 (85.11) | 0.009 |
| Previous stroke | ||||
| No | 1,355 (79.19) | 429 (80.94) | 926 (78.41) | |
| Yes | 356 (20.81) | 101 (19.06) | 255 (21.59) | 0.23 |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||
| No | 1,206 (62.23) | 416 (66.88) | 790 (60.03) | |
| Yes | 732 (37.77) | 206 (33.12) | 526 (39.97) | 0.004 |
| Peripheral artery disease | ||||
| No | 1,757 (90.66) | 594 (95.50) | 1,163 (88.37) | |
| Yes | 181 (9.34) | 28 (4.50) | 153 (11.63) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | ||||
| No | 1,305 (67.34) | 452 (72.67) | 853 (64.82) | |
| Yes | 633 (32.66) | 170 (27.33) | 463 (35.18) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||||
| No | 1,493 (87.26) | 451 (85.09) | 1,042 (88.23) | |
| Yes | 218 (12.74) | 79 (14.91) | 139 (11.77) | 0.07 |
Data are mean ± SD, n (%) or median (IQR). Laboratory results were obtained on admission to the hospital.