Table 3.

Multivariate regression model assessment of risk factors for DR at DPPOS year 16

Intercept	OR	95% CI	OR per unit	P
African American	0.93	0.70–1.24	vs. NHW	0.638
Hispanic	0.75	0.55–1.01	vs. NHW	0.062
Asian	0.84	0.52–1.36	vs. NHW	0.482
American Indian	0.36	0.20–0.66	vs. NHW	0.001
Female sex	0.80	0.62–1.03	vs. male	0.083
ILS	1.10	0.86–1.41	vs. PLB	0.459
MET	1.19	0.94–1.52	vs. PLB	0.152
Age at random assignment (years)	0.94	0.82–1.09	per 10.68§	0.426
Duration of T2D (years)	1.03	0.92–1.17	per 6.96§	0.574
Average HbA1c in follow-up* (%)	1.65	1.48–1.83	per 0.71§	<0.0001
Average weight in follow-up* (kg)	0.95	0.84–1.06	per 19.62§	0.344
Average DBP in follow-up* (mmHg)	6.33	0.98–1.23	per 6.33§	0.110
Adiponectin at baseline (mg/dL)	1.13	1.00–1.28	per 3.47§	0.044

Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, treatment assignment, and the presence of diagnosed diabetes. Boldface indicates significance at P < 0.05 in the multivariate model.

^*Average during DPP/DPPOS follow-up (before onset of retinopathy).

^§1 SD.