Figure 1.

Associations between air pollution and body size and composition measures at the 25th percentile, median, and 75th percentile of physical activity score. Effect estimates are summarized as percent changes in outcome measures per IQR increase in PM_2.5 (4.5 μg/m³) (A), NO₂ (9.5 ppb) (B), and O₃ (5.0 ppb) (C) concentrations. All models were adjusted for age at baseline, follow-up time, race/ethnicity, study site, education, financial hardship, smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke, alcohol drinking, physical activity score, interaction terms between study site and physical activity score, total energy intake, and menopausal status. WC, waist circumference.